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Single polariton nonlinear Faraday rotation

Tintu Kuriakose, Paul M. Walker, Toby Dowling, Philippe St-Jean, N. Carlon Zambon, Aristide Lemaître, Isabelle Sagnes, Luc Le Gratiet, Abdelmounaïm Harouri, Sylvain Ravets, Maurice S. Skolnick, Jacqueline Bloch, Dmitry N. Krizhanovskii

Published Aug 20, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the experimental observation of photon-photon interactions at the single-particle level. The linearly polarized signal beam undergoes Faraday rotation by a nonlinear effective magnetic field induced by a very weak circularly polarized control beam due to the giant Kerr-like interactions between exciton-polaritons in our quantum well-based 0D microcavity structures. We measure a phase shift with a slope of 3.5×10^-3 radians per particle for low cavity occupancies between 0.1 and 3 excited by the control beam. These experimental findings are in agreement with theoretical models and pave the way towards the development of scalable photonic quantum gates.

DOI
10.1117/12.2567906

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We present the experimental observation of photon-photon interactions at the single-particle level. The linearly polarized signal beam undergoes Faraday rotation by a nonlinear effective magnetic field induced by a very weak circularly polarized control beam due to the giant Kerr-like interactions between exciton-polaritons in our quantum well-based 0D microcavity structures. We measure a phase shift with a slope of 3.5×10^-3 radians per particle for low cavity occupancies between 0.1 and 3 excited by the control beam. These experimental findings are in agreement with theoretical models and pave the way towards the development of scalable photonic quantum gates.
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We propose a quantum nondemolition method---a giant optical Faraday rotation near the resonant regime to measure a single-electron spin in a quantum dot inside a microcavity where a negatively charged exciton strongly couples to the cavity mode. Left-circularly and right-circularly polarized lights reflected from the cavity obtain different phase shifts due to cavity quantum electrodynamics and the optical spin selection rule. This yields giant and tunable Faraday rotation that can be easily detected experimentally. Based on this spin-detection technique, a deterministic photon-spin entangling gate and a scalable scheme to create remote spin entanglement via a single photon are proposed.
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We report on experimental and theoretical study of the nonlinear Faraday effect under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency at the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in rubidium vapor. These transitions realize the inverted YYY model which combines the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and ladder systems. Strong nonlinearity allowing for large rotation angles of a probe beam tuned to the $S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P$ transition was obtained by creation of quantum superpositions of magnetic sublevels (Zeeman coherences) in the rubidium ground state ($\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme). Additionally, electromagnetically induced transparency was accomplished in a ladder scheme by acting with a second strong coupling laser on the $P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D$ transition. Under conditions of a two-photon resonance the rotation was significantly reduced, which is interpreted as a competition between the coherent processes. The effect was observed in sub-Gauss magnetic fields and could be used for efficient coherent control of generation of the ground-state coherences, e.g., for controlling the polarization state of the probe light.
The nonlinear optical responses of a strongly coupled exciton-photon system in a semiconductor microcavity structure under weak excitation can be explained by a weak exciton-exciton interaction due to the nonideal bosonic (weakly interacting bosons) nature of the excitons. The exciton-exciton interaction leads to an attractive interaction between excitons with opposite spin, and a repulsive interaction between excitons with the same spin and a phase space filling. Earlier, we have reported the ratio of these interaction energies from the polarization-sensitive degenerate four-wave mixing on a strongly coupled GaAs quantum well (QW) microcavity under weak excitation density. In order to quantitatively determine the exciton-exciton polarization interaction energy, we have proposed a pump-probe nonlinear polarization rotation scheme. In the paper, we report the quantitative measurement of the exciton-exciton polarization interaction energy in the above mentioned system under strict weak excitation density using the pump-probe nonlinear polarization rotation (PR) technique. In the technique, the change of polarization state of a weak linearly polarized probe due to the anisotropy induced by a strong, circularly polarized pump is monitored in reflection geometry.