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Parallelizing Polarization Plate Design for Automating Quantum Key Distribution Device based on EDU-QCRYI

Rizka Khairunnisa, Dion Ogi, Anang Adi Permana, Dian Sasetya, Agil Reforman, Izdihar Fakhriyah, Aulia Nurul Azizah, Jabang Aru Saputro, Bintang Wahyudono, Yoga Adi Pratama

Published Jun 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum cryptography learning is now more important as the threats toward secure communication system using quantum computing are increasing. EDU-QCRY is one of the quantum cryptography demonstration devices which implements BB84 protocol. EDU-QCRY is still run manually that make it has limited data processing capacity, large operating time, and low-level accuracy. In this study, automation is done by parallelizing the process of selecting bases and states on the polarization rotator and integrating an Arduino-based controller module using demultiplexing techniques. EDU-QCRYI automation changes the process to be more efficient and effective because the system works automatically by a controller module based on qubit data that is inputted by the sender and the receiver gets qubit data automatically. EDU-QCRYI automation is expected to make demonstration of secure communication using Quantum cryptography more reliable for implementation.

DOI
10.1109/icoict49345.2020.9166185

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Quantum cryptography learning is now more important as the threats toward secure communication system using quantum computing are increasing. EDU-QCRY is one of the quantum cryptography demonstration devices which implements BB84 protocol. EDU-QCRY is still run manually that make it has limited data processing capacity, large operating time, and low-level accuracy. In this study, automation is done by parallelizing the process of selecting bases and states on the polarization rotator and integrating an Arduino-based controller module using demultiplexing techniques. EDU-QCRYI automation changes the process to be more efficient and effective because the system works automatically by a controller module based on qubit data that is inputted by the sender and the receiver gets qubit data automatically. EDU-QCRYI automation is expected to make demonstration of secure communication using Quantum cryptography more reliable for implementation.
Polarization Automation based on EDU-QCRY 1 is a system designed to facilitate the use of EDU-QCRY 1 devices in simulation of sending Quantum Bit (Qubit). Polarization automation utilizes quantum mechanical properties on the EDU QCRY 1 device, which will produce bits through polarization automation on the EDU-QCRY 1 quantum polarizator device. Polarization rotation will be done automatically and randomly using an ultrasonic piezomotor device that receives random voltage input on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The random voltage input is based on a random source from the accelerometer sensor. The measurement results of the accelerometer sensor will be processed and converted into voltage as input to perform automatic and random polarization rotations on the EDU QCRY polariator device. Furthermore, the automatic polarization results will produce a series of numbers that run on the principle of anti-cloning and quantum mechanical properties.
EDU-QCRY1 is one of the quantum key distribution devices in order to generate quantum random bit. In this paper, we conduct a mechanism to produce a key sequence based on single photon counting using EDU-QCRY1 Single Photon Detector module for receiving data which can be acquired using the receiver’s device automation using a Light Dependent Resistor parameter. The design of quantum random generator is using protocol of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) then compared to true table of the BB84 protocol. The average speed of the quantum bit in the automation device is 0.0604 seconds with estimation for 106quantum random bit around 16 hours experiment. Within the random bits, some difference occurs when the sender and receiver have a different basis. This research proves the efficiency of automation bit storage on the EDU-QCRY1 Single Photon Detector for generating a quantum random bit and has the valid result as the experiment in performing key distribution simulations using EDU-QCRY1 devices.
Quantum key distribution is one of the essential developments to reduce the vulnerability in the security of the systems due to the emergence of quantum computers. As long as large-scale quantum computers emerge, all the systems will be vulnerable to attack. To secure the communication, we can use quantum key distribution protocols in the near future. In this work, I have experimentally verified the BB84 protocol with an eavesdropper. We have used a classical channel to send polarization states of light. Our source is a readily available He-Ne laser (632.8nm). To send secret Information in a secure way, we use Quantum key distribution. Sender Alice sends randomly chosen polarization states of light to Bob. The states Alice sends are |H>,|V>,|D>, and |A>, and similarly, Bob also selects some random basis and detects this Information. In this experiment, |H>,|V> states belong to the '+' basis and |D>,|A> on the 'X' basis. Detecting |H>,|D> states at the detector is considered as '1' and detecting |V>,|A> represents the '0' bit as the output. Alice and Bob can choose the basis randomly. We got these | H>,|V>,|D>, and |A> states by rotating the half-wave plate at angles respectively 0°,90°,45°, and -45°. We used a motorized rotator to rotate the two half-wave plates, one at Alice's side and one at Bob's side, to select the basis and generate these states. The motorized rotator runs on a python code. Python code is designed in such a way that it can generate random bits and can run Alice and Bob parts simultaneously. A polarized beam splitter is used just before the detector to split the beam into | H> and |V> states with 100% intensity at one detector and 0% at the other and |D> and |A> states with 50:50 intensity. Therefore we used one half-wave plate just before the PBS, which can convert |H> and |V> states into |D> and |A> states when we rotate at these particular angles. Using this, we can detect |D> and |A> states with 100% intensity at one detector and 0% at the other. Based upon the basic choices of Alice and Bob, at the receiver part, Bob will receive the bits. At the end of the process, both parties will verify the basis. When the basis is matching, they will keep those bits, and which are not matching, they will discard them. The successful bits will become the encryption key. I did this experiment by sending 1000 bits, and 452 bits among them were successful. For the security analysis of this protocol, we implemented a third-person Eve who tries to steal the Information Alice sends to Bob. Eve used one Beam splitter to take half part of the light intensity and sent another half to Bob. Eve's part has one 50:50 beam splitter, which splits the beam into two. Then, one beam goes to a PBS, then to the detectors, and the other beam goes to a setup that has HWP and PBS, then to the detectors. In this experiment, Eve is successful in stealing the Information correctly. As we are using classical light, which has a huge number of photons, anyone can take some photons and execute a photon number splitting attack; the security of this process is very low. We need a single-photon source and a single photon detector to get total security from this protocol. Right now, I have done this experiment with the available pieces of equipment I have. When the needed types of equipment are available to me, I can implement the single-photon QKD experiment also. After the experiment, we realized that the superposition of states always holds in this experiment, but states do not collapse, as we are not performing the quantum measurement. Also, I have implemented the QKD protocol in the IBM Quantum lab, where Alice sends 1000 bits to Bob, and 474 bits among them were successful. Also, Eve’s interception was detected successfully.
Nowadays security in communication is increasingly important to the network communication because many categories of data are required restriction on authorization of access, modify, delete and insert.Quantum cryptography is one of the solutions that use property of polarization to ensure that transmitted data is not tampered.The research paper provides the mechanism that enhances the data security in quantum cryptography during exchange of information.In first phase detailed explanation of Quantum key distribution's BB84 protocol is given.BB84 protocol is used as the basis for the mechanism.In next phase the proposed mechanism is explained.The proposed mechanism combines BB84 protocol at two levels, from sender to receiver and then from receiver to sender.Moreover, a logic circuit is used to combine the bits hence to reduce the probability of eavesdropping.The key obtained can be used to exchange the information securely further it can help in encryption and decryption of crucial data.Double level BB84 mechanism will help in information reconciliation as well as privacy amplification.In future the proposed mechanism will be very beneficial where unconditional security is required during key and other secret information exchange
Quantum cryptography is a science that exploits quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks.The best-known example of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution, which offers an information-theoretically secure solution to the key exchange problem.I try to generalize the first quantum key distribution protocol called BB84 and implement the protocol in different steps.The implementation is performed in a fully theoretical manner with a general mathematical base.I propose here an algorithm that can make this protocol more secure.After implementation of the protocol, I tried to find out the result, which I illustrated with figures and tables and also proposed here as a suitable polarizer diagram model that helped me find the outcome of this concept.My proposed polarizer diagram only works to encode and decode the valuable secret key that is transferred from sender to receiver, and the secret key will not be transferred as binary bit data but as a photon particle by the photon polarizer converter.Though the protocol BB84 is the most secure of all quantum key distribution protocols, I tried to make it more secure from any third-party access.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) has emerged as a revolutionary technique that can ensure unconditionally secure communication between two distant parties, referred to as Alice and Bob, by exploiting the fundamental principles of quantum physics. Here, we report experimental demonstration of a fully automated QKD system based on the BB84 protocol. A weak coherent pulse source is developed to generate stream of polarization encoded single photons. Our QKD system demonstrates a low QBER of ∼1.2% with sifted key generation rate of ∼70 Kbps at an average photon number per pulse ofμ=0.11\mu=0.11μ=0.11. The final secure key rate of ∼33 Kbps is achieved after performing post processing procedures viz. error correction and privacy amplification. The quantum communication link is established continuously for several hours and the performance is evaluated iteratively. The developed QKD system is shown to have the capability of distributing cryptographic keys securely and seamlessly, under practical operating conditions. Furthermore, we have successfully demonstrated unconditionally secure transmission and reception of an image between Alice and Bob connected over an unsecured public channel by utilizing quantum cryptography.