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arXiv:1106.4469

DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANISM FOR ENHANCING DATA SECURITY IN QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY

Ajit K. Singh, Nidhi Sharma

Published Jun 22, 2011• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Nowadays security in communication is increasingly important to the network communication because many categories of data are required restriction on authorization of access, modify, delete and insert. Quantum cryptography is one of the solutions that use property of polarization to ensure that transmitted data is not tampered. The research paper provides the mechanism that enhances the data security in quantum cryptography during exchange of information. In first phase detailed explanation of Quantum key distribution's BB84 protocol is given. BB84 protocol is used as the basis for the mechanism. In next phase the proposed mechanism is explained. The proposed mechanism combines BB84 protocol at two levels, from sender to receiver and then from receiver to sender. Moreover, a logic circuit is used to combine the bits hence to reduce the probability of eavesdropping. The key obtained can be used to exchange the information securely further it can help in encryption and decryption of crucial data. Double level BB84 mechanism will help in information reconciliation as well as privacy amplification. In future the proposed mechanism will be very beneficial where unconditional security is required during key and other secret information exchange

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1106.4469

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Nowadays security in communication is increasingly important to the network communication because many categories of data are required restriction on authorization of access, modify, delete and insert. Quantum cryptography is one of the solutions that use property of polarization to ensure that transmitted data is not tampered. The research paper provides the mechanism that enhances the data security in quantum cryptography during exchange of information. In first phase detailed explanation of Quantum key distribution's BB84 protocol is given. BB84 protocol is used as the basis for the mechanism. In next phase the proposed mechanism is explained. The proposed mechanism combines BB84 protocol at two levels, from sender to receiver and then from receiver to sender. Moreover, a logic circuit is used to combine the bits hence to reduce the probability of eavesdropping. The key obtained can be used to exchange the information securely further it can help in encryption and decryption of crucial data. Double level BB84 mechanism will help in information reconciliation as well as privacy amplification. In future the proposed mechanism will be very beneficial where unconditional security is required during key and other secret information exchange
Nowadays security in communication is increasingly important to the network communication because many categories of data are required restriction on authorization of access, modify, delete and insert.Quantum cryptography is one of the solutions that use property of polarization to ensure that transmitted data is not tampered.The research paper provides the mechanism that enhances the data security in quantum cryptography during exchange of information.In first phase detailed explanation of Quantum key distribution's BB84 protocol is given.BB84 protocol is used as the basis for the mechanism.In next phase the proposed mechanism is explained.The proposed mechanism combines BB84 protocol at two levels, from sender to receiver and then from receiver to sender.Moreover, a logic circuit is used to combine the bits hence to reduce the probability of eavesdropping.The key obtained can be used to exchange the information securely further it can help in encryption and decryption of crucial data.Double level BB84 mechanism will help in information reconciliation as well as privacy amplification.In future the proposed mechanism will be very beneficial where unconditional security is required during key and other secret information exchange
Nowadays, the information is exchanged among the computer network. These data and information are involved in business, military, academic education, research and etc. which are shared around the world in both private and public network. Since, many categories of data are required restriction on authorization of access, modify, delete and insert, security in communication is increasingly important to the network communication. Currently, computer security applies mathematic theory to computer security for encrypting and decrypting on both sender and receiver. To use security attack with high performance computer (e.g. quantum computer), attacker can find a key and then obtains the data in feasible period. Quantum cryptography is one of the solutions that use property of polarization to ensure that transmitted data is not trapped by eavesdropper. Quantum cryptography is improved significantly in the last decades including the most two dominant protocol BB84 and BB92.
Secure communication in cryptographic system, relies on secret key which must be exchanged between a sender and a receiver such that it avoids unauthorized access and can be used to encrypt the plain text and decrypt the cipher text. However, advancement in quantum computing raises concern on the security of information exchanged over the web. As the information on the web is made secure using classical cryptographic mechanisms that are only computationally secure and quantum computers with high computational capability can generate the secrete keys in a very short time. In order to make sure that quantum computers do not breach the security of the network, we need to develop some sort of quantum-resistant mechanisms. Quantum key distribution is one of the quantum-resistant-mechanisms which guarantee secure data communication. It leverages quantum mechanics principles by exchanging the key in quantum states called qubits and any attempt to access the key causes disturbance in the qubits yielding change in their behavior or state, hence signaling the presence of an intruder and making it impossible to be accessed. This paper presents a simulation to establish and exchange secrete keys in quantum environment using BB84 protocol and to determine the efficiency of the system, quantum bit error rate is measured and discussed.
Security awareness is one of the most pressing topics in today's globe. The idea of cryptography is introduced when the subject is information security. Conventional cryptography-based security techniques rely on the presumption that keys are shared before secure connections. The most crucial factor to consider when integrating cryptographic operations into account when integrating cryptographic operations in with any system is the safe key management strategy required for sending and transferring a secret key between two entities The systems will be vulnerable to bugs and possibly fatal external assaults if the fundamental management methods are poor A method for securely encrypting data sent between parties is quantum cryptography. and spotting eavesdroppers trying to overhear the conversation. Quantum cryptography may be the solution to these issues a quantum cryptography application, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), refers to the production of a cryptographic key with unconditional security assured by physical rules. Quantum cryptography is a kind of encryption. We examine the quantum key exchange protocol (BB84 protocol) in this study and the way that it significantly improves data transfer security when compared to standard encryption techniques. The main objective of quantum cryptography is to offer a trustworthy way to provide a secure method of communication between the intended peers only and to detect the Eavesdropper presence.
Quantum cryptography is the study of delivering secret communications across a quantum channel. Recently, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has been recognized as the most important breakthrough in quantum cryptography. This process facilitates two distant parties to share secure communications based on physical laws. The BB84 protocol was developed in 1984 and remains the most widely used among BB92, Ekert91, COW, and SARG04 protocols. However the practical security of QKD with imperfect devices have been widely discussed, and there are many ways to guarantee that generated key by QKD still provides unconditional security. This paper proposed a novel method that allows users to communicate while generating the secure keys as well as securing the transmission without any leakage of the data. In this approach sender will never reveal her basis, hence neither the receiver nor the intruder will get knowledge of the fundamental basis.Further to detect Eve, polynomial interpolation is also used as a key verification technique. In order to fully utilize the quantum computing capabilities provided by IBM quantum computers, the protocol is executed using the Qiskit backend for 45 qubits. This article discusses a plot of % error against alpha (strength of eavesdropping). As a result, different types of noise have been included, and the success probability of the desired key bits has been determined. Furthermore, the success probability under depolarizing noise is explained for different qubit counts.Last but not least, even when the applied noise is increased to maximum capacity, a 50% probability of successful key generation is still observed in an experiment.
Cryptography is being introduced to secure data. Through Classical Cryptographic technique, we can encrypt our data and secure secret key also. But classical cryptography is based on mathematical techniques where reversing one-way function is possible with sufficient computing power and time. So, Quantum Cryptography is introduced to overcome those drawbacks of traditional classical cryptography. It is based on the values of quantum mechanics and photon. Scientists and researchers have brought up a new key distribution protocol based on Quantum Cryptography is called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Protocol. The first QKD protocol BB84 was introduced by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. After that several QKD protocols have been created. In this paper we have improved BB84 Protocol by removing the drawbacks of the existing algorithm towards Eavesdropping which may not be detected or disclosing large portion of secret key. Steps of the existing BB84 algorithm along with the modified one is described in detail with example and pseudo code. Limitations of BB84 and comparative study of both the existing and the improved one based on their security has been made and described in this current work.