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KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems

Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme with Credible Authentication based on Quantum Walk

Xue-Yang Li, Yan Chang, Shibin Zhang

Published Jul 31, 2020• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the teleportation by quantum walk, a quantum secret sharing scheme with credible authentication is proposed.Using the Hash function and quantum local operation, combined with the two-step quantum walks circuit on the line, the identity authentication and the teleportation of the secret information in distribution phase are realized.Participants collaborate honestly to recover secret information based on particle measurement results, preventing untrusted agents and external attacks from obtaining useful information.Due to the application of quantum walk, the sender does not need to prepare the necessary entangled state in advance, simply encodes the information to be sent in the coin state, and applies the conditional shift operator between the coin space and the position space to produce the entangled state necessary for quantum teleportation.Security analysis shows that the protocol can effectively resist intercept/resend attacks, entanglement attacks, participant attacks, and impersonation attacks.In addition, the quantum walk circuit used has been implemented in many different physical systems and experiments, so this quantum secret sharing scheme may be achievable in the future.

DOI
10.3837/tiis.2020.07.021

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Based on the teleportation by quantum walk, a quantum secret sharing scheme with credible authentication is proposed.Using the Hash function and quantum local operation, combined with the two-step quantum walks circuit on the line, the identity authentication and the teleportation of the secret information in distribution phase are realized.Participants collaborate honestly to recover secret information based on particle measurement results, preventing untrusted agents and external attacks from obtaining useful information.Due to the application of quantum walk, the sender does not need to prepare the necessary entangled state in advance, simply encodes the information to be sent in the coin state, and applies the conditional shift operator between the coin space and the position space to produce the entangled state necessary for quantum teleportation.Security analysis shows that the protocol can effectively resist intercept/resend attacks, entanglement attacks, participant attacks, and impersonation attacks.In addition, the quantum walk circuit used has been implemented in many different physical systems and experiments, so this quantum secret sharing scheme may be achievable in the future.
A verifiable quantum secret sharing protocol using quantum walks on a lattice is proposed in this paper. The protocol utilizes generalized Bell states as the initial quantum resource, integrating the quantum walk evolution operator U with the global shift operator GabG_{ab}Gab​ to facilitate joint encrypted transmission among multiple participants. A bidirectional identity authentication mechanism based on hash functions is introduced to ensure the legitimacy of all communication parties, which effectively resists impersonation attacks. Random decoy particles are randomly prepared in either the ZdZ_{d}Zd​ or XdX_{d}Xd​ basis and inserted into the transmission sequence, enabling real-time eavesdropping detection on the quantum channel. In the secret reconstruction phase, a public verification mechanism is designed to allow participants to verify the correctness of the recovered secret and identify internal dishonest behaviors. Security analysis demonstrates that the protocol achieves information-theoretic security, resisting typical external attacks such as intercept-resend, measure-resend, and entangle-measure attacks, as well as collusion attacks from dishonest internal participants. Compared with existing quantum-walk-based secret sharing schemes, the proposed protocol maintains high qubit efficiency while supporting both identity authentication and public verifiability, thus possessing stronger practicality and security.
Utilizing the advantage of Bell state,a multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol with authentication is put forward.In the protocol,the deal encodes two classical bits of secret message on the quantum carrier though performing local unitary operation.He splits the secret message into n shares and then distributes them to n agents via entanglement swapping.Each agent makes a Bell state measurement on the particles in his hand,and obtains his piece of secret according to the measurement result.In the process of reconstruction,these n agents declare respectively their pieces of secret,and recover the secret message if and only if they collaborate.At the same time,combining the technology of Hash function,the identities of the deal and the agents are authenticated.Hence,one main goal of designing the presented protocol,two-way authentication,is achieved.Moreover,we analyze the security and authentication of the presented protocol in detail.It is shown that this protocol can stand against the attacks of outside eavesdropper and inside participant,which means that it is secure in theory.In addition,since the Bell state was used at most,as compared with other quantum secret sharing protocols,the implementation of the presented protocol is more feasible in the current technical conditions.
In order to enable two parties to exchange their secret information equally, we propose a controlled quantum dialogue protocol based on quantum walks, which implements the equal exchange of secret information between the two parties with the help of the controller TP. The secret information is transmitted via quantum walks, by using this method, the previously required entangled particles do not need to be prepared in the initial phase, and the entangled particles can be produced spontaneously via quantum walks. Furthermore, to resist TP’s dishonest behavior, we use a hash function to verify the correctness of the secret information. The protocol analysis shows that it is safe and reliable facing some attacks, including intercept-measure-resend attack, entanglement attack, dishonest controller’s attack and participant attack. And has a slightly increasing efficiency comparing with the previous protocols. Note that the proposed protocol may be feasible because quantum walks prove to be implemented in different physical systems and experiments.
Abstract A dynamic quantum secret sharing protocol with authentication is proposed based on quantum walks. The protocol can share specific secrets and also update the secret information periodically based on the existing quantum walks structure. Participants can be added or removed while keeping the original secret unchanged. This is more flexible in practical applications. Before the secrets are shared, each participant is authenticated to ensure the legitimacy of all participants’ identities. In addition, the protocol uses single photons as quantum resources, avoiding the complex preparation of entangled states, which makes the protocol more advantageous and potential in practical applications. Security analyses show that the protocol is resistant to collusion attack and other common attacks.
Very recently, Lee et al. proposed the first secure quantum teleporation protocol, where quantum information shared by an arbitrary number of senders can be transferred to another arbitrary number of receivers. Here, by introducing quantum walks, a novel secure (n,m) quantum teleportation of shared quantum secret between n senders and mmm receivers is presented. Firstly, two kinds of (n,2) teleportation schemes are proposed by n-walker quantum walks on the line, the first walker of which is driven by three coins, respectively, based on two kinds of coin operators: the homogeneous coins and the position-dependent coins. Secondly, by increasing the amount of the coins of the first walker to m+1, the previous (n,2) scheme can be generalized to (n,m) teleportation scheme. Then, we give the proof of the information security of our proposed scheme, in which neither any single nor subparties of senders and receivers can fully access the secret quantum information. Moreover, the projective measurements are needed, instead of the joint Bell measurements that are necessary in Lee et al.'s protocol. Our work can also be extended further to QWs on the cycle. This work provides an additional relevant instance of the richness of quantum walks for quantum information processing tasks and thus opens the wider application purpose of quantum walks.
Based on the non-locality entanglement correlation of W state,a quantum secret sharing protocol was proposed by utilizing quantum teleportation.In the proposed protocol,Alice prepares a three-particle W state,and sends any two-particle of the W state to Bobl and Bob2,respectively,then performs Bell bases joint measurement on her own particles.According to Alice's measurement result,Bobl and Bob2 can jointly obtain the secret information by performing corresponding local operations.The security of the proposed protocol was analyzed in detail.It is shown that the proposed protocol can resist several attacks,such as intercept-resend attack,entanglement-and-measure attack,and etc.