Based on the non-locality entanglement correlation of W state,a quantum secret sharing protocol was proposed by utilizing quantum teleportation.In the proposed protocol,Alice prepares a three-particle W state,and sends any two-particle of the W state to Bobl and Bob2,respectively,then performs Bell bases joint measurement on her own particles.According to Alice's measurement result,Bobl and Bob2 can jointly obtain the secret information by performing corresponding local operations.The security of the proposed protocol was analyzed in detail.It is shown that the proposed protocol can resist several attacks,such as intercept-resend attack,entanglement-and-measure attack,and etc.
Based on the non-locality entanglement correlation of W state,a quantum secret sharing protocol was proposed by utilizing quantum teleportation.In the proposed protocol,Alice prepares a three-particle W state,and sends any two-particle of the W state to Bobl and Bob2,respectively,then performs Bell bases joint measurement on her own particles.According to Alice's measurement result,Bobl and Bob2 can jointly obtain the secret information by performing corresponding local operations.The security of the proposed protocol was analyzed in detail.It is shown that the proposed protocol can resist several attacks,such as intercept-resend attack,entanglement-and-measure attack,and etc.
This paper presents a semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) protocol based on three-particle W states, designed for efficient and secure secret sharing in quantum-resource-constrained scenarios. In the protocol, a fully quantum-capable sender encodes binary secrets using W, while receivers with limited quantum capabilities reconstruct the secret through collaborative Z basis measurements and classical communication, ensuring no single participant can obtain the complete information independently. The protocol employs a four-state decoy photon technique ({|0⟩,|1⟩,|+⟩,|−⟩}) and position randomization, combined with photon number splitting (PNS) and wavelength filtering (WF) technologies, to resist intercept–resend, entanglement–measurement, and double controlled-NOT(CNOT) attacks. Theoretical analysis shows that the detection probability of intercept–resend attacks increases exponentially with the number of decoy photons (approaching 1). For entanglement–measurement attacks, any illegal operation by an attacker introduces detectable quantum state disturbances. Double CNOT attacks are rendered ineffective by the untraceability of particle positions and mixed-basis strategies. Leveraging the robust entanglement of W states, the protocol proves that the mutual information between secret bits and single-participant measurement results is strictly zero, ensuring lossless reconstruction only through authorized collaboration.
Based on the teleportation by quantum walk, a quantum secret sharing scheme with credible authentication is proposed.Using the Hash function and quantum local operation, combined with the two-step quantum walks circuit on the line, the identity authentication and the teleportation of the secret information in distribution phase are realized.Participants collaborate honestly to recover secret information based on particle measurement results, preventing untrusted agents and external attacks from obtaining useful information.Due to the application of quantum walk, the sender does not need to prepare the necessary entangled state in advance, simply encodes the information to be sent in the coin state, and applies the conditional shift operator between the coin space and the position space to produce the entangled state necessary for quantum teleportation.Security analysis shows that the protocol can effectively resist intercept/resend attacks, entanglement attacks, participant attacks, and impersonation attacks.In addition, the quantum walk circuit used has been implemented in many different physical systems and experiments, so this quantum secret sharing scheme may be achievable in the future.
In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-party quantum secret sharing scheme based on GHZ entangled state. The participants in this scheme are divided into two groups, and share secrets as a group. There is no need to exchange any measurement information between the two groups, reducing the security problems caused by the communication process. Each participant holds one particle from each GHZ state; it can be found that the particles of each GHZ state are related after measuring them, and the eavesdropping detection can detect external attacks based on this characteristic. Furthermore, since the participants within the two groups encode the measured particles, they can recover the same secrets. Security analysis shows that the protocol can resist the intercept-and-resend attack and entanglement measurement attack, and the simulation results show that the probability of an external attacker being detected is proportional to the amount of information he can obtain. Compared with the existing protocols, this proposed protocol is more secure, has less quantum resources and is more practical.
Utilizing the advantage of Bell state,a multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol with authentication is put forward.In the protocol,the deal encodes two classical bits of secret message on the quantum carrier though performing local unitary operation.He splits the secret message into n shares and then distributes them to n agents via entanglement swapping.Each agent makes a Bell state measurement on the particles in his hand,and obtains his piece of secret according to the measurement result.In the process of reconstruction,these n agents declare respectively their pieces of secret,and recover the secret message if and only if they collaborate.At the same time,combining the technology of Hash function,the identities of the deal and the agents are authenticated.Hence,one main goal of designing the presented protocol,two-way authentication,is achieved.Moreover,we analyze the security and authentication of the presented protocol in detail.It is shown that this protocol can stand against the attacks of outside eavesdropper and inside participant,which means that it is secure in theory.In addition,since the Bell state was used at most,as compared with other quantum secret sharing protocols,the implementation of the presented protocol is more feasible in the current technical conditions.
Abstract In this paper, we propose an efficient multiparty quantum direct secret sharing scheme based on Bell state and Bell measurements. In our scheme, the secret information can be directly encoded into the second particles of Bell states through the local unitary operations. In order to increase the number of participants, we use the controlled-NOT gate to produce the final multipartite entangled states. In the reconstruction phase, each participant performs Bell measurements for their particles and obtains the final key strings. Furthermore, they cooperate to recover the secret information. In addition, we give a concrete example with four participants to demonstrate more clearly the integrity of our scheme. Finally, we demonstrate that our protocol can resist both collusion attack and intercept-and-resend attack.
Multi-party quantum secret sharing scheme with high efficient based on entanglement states is proposed and analyzed. A three-party which is presented shares a sequence of joint key bits. In this scheme, a general proof of the security against eavesdropping for three-party quantum secret sharing based on entanglement swapping is provided. The scheme which is showed is secure against a dishonest participant's intercept-and-resend attack and eavesdropper's entangle auxiliary-particles attack. In case of eavesdropping attacks with full information again, the detection bit needs to be transmitted except those for detection, the total efficiency of the scheme approaches to 100%. The protocol can be generalized to N-party system by using N-partite entanglement states.