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Журнал технической физики

Конкуренция концентрационного сужения и полевого уширения темного резонанса в лестничной системе уровней атомов рубидия: особенности проявления в тонких спектроскопических ячейках

Armen D. Sargsyan, Charles S. Adams, Т.А. Вартанян, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effect of electromagnetically-induced transparency in the ladder system of 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D5/2 levels of Rb atoms is studied. The effect of spectral narrowing of the dark resonance (DR) is shown depending on the density of atomic vapor and the thickness L of the spectroscopic cell, which contains Rb atomic vapor. The thickness L varies from 390 nm to 4 mm, the atomic density N increased to ~ 10^16 cm^-3, and intense coupling and weak probe radiation were used. The maximum effect, namely the 22-fold spectral narrowing of DR, was achieved in a cell with a thickness of L = 4 mm. With decreasing of the thickness L, the effect of spectral narrowing becomes weaker: for example, at L = 2 μm, a 2.4-fold spectral narrowing of DR occurs. The spectral narrowing of DR was practically absent at L = 0.8 μm, and with a further decrease to L = 0.4 μm with increasing of atomic vapor density, spectral broadening of DR began to occur. In almost all cases, at moderate atomic densities and high intensities of the coupling radiation, ~ 100% DR contrast was achieved. The effect of spectral narrowing and broadening of DR is explained.

DOI
10.21883/os.2020.10.50011.166-20

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The effect of electromagnetically-induced transparency in the ladder system of 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D5/2 levels of Rb atoms is studied. The effect of spectral narrowing of the dark resonance (DR) is shown depending on the density of atomic vapor and the thickness L of the spectroscopic cell, which contains Rb atomic vapor. The thickness L varies from 390 nm to 4 mm, the atomic density N increased to ~ 10^16 cm^-3, and intense coupling and weak probe radiation were used. The maximum effect, namely the 22-fold spectral narrowing of DR, was achieved in a cell with a thickness of L = 4 mm. With decreasing of the thickness L, the effect of spectral narrowing becomes weaker: for example, at L = 2 μm, a 2.4-fold spectral narrowing of DR occurs. The spectral narrowing of DR was practically absent at L = 0.8 μm, and with a further decrease to L = 0.4 μm with increasing of atomic vapor density, spectral broadening of DR began to occur. In almost all cases, at moderate atomic densities and high intensities of the coupling radiation, ~ 100% DR contrast was achieved. The effect of spectral narrowing and broadening of DR is explained.
Abstract The effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level ladder system 5S1/2‒5P3/2 –5D5/2 of Rb atoms is investigated. The effect of spectral narrowing of a dark resonance (DR) as a function of atomic vapor density and thickness L of a spectroscopic cell containing Rb vapor is demonstrated. Thickness L was varied in the range of 390 nm to 4 mm, while atomic density N was increased up to ~1016 cm–3; in the process, high-intensity coupling radiation and weak probe radiation were used. The strongest effect, namely, a 22-fold spectral narrowing of the DR, was achieved in a cell of thickness L = 4 mm. The effect of spectral narrowing was decreasing with decrease in thickness L: a 2.4-fold spectral narrowing of the DR was observed at L = 2 μm. Spectral narrowing was nearly absent at L = 0.8 μm, and spectral broadening of the DR was observed with further decrease in the cell thickness down to L = 0.4 μm. A close to 100% DR contrast was achieved in nearly all cases at moderate atomic densities and high intensities of the coupling radiation. An interpretation of the effect of spectral narrowing and broadening of the DR is proposed.
It is shown that high-contrast resonance of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a ladder Ξ-system of 5S 1/2-5P 3/2-5D 5/2 levels can be formed in optical cells containing a column of rubidium vapor with thickness L in an interval of 100 nm ≤ L ≤ 780 nm. Using bichromatic laser radiation with certain parameters, an 83% contrast of the EIT resonance (or dark resonance, DR) has been achieved for a vapor column thickness of L = 780 nm. An important condition for the formation of high-contrast DR is that the frequency of the coupling laser radiation must be resonant with the frequency of the corresponding 5P 3/2-5D 5/2 transition (for the probe radiation frequency scanned over the 5S 1/2-5P 3/2 transition). It is also shown that a DR can be formed at a record small vapor column thickness of L ≈ 100 nm. Expressions that can be used to estimate the expected DR width at small L values are presented.
Experimental results of the study of processes of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and two-photon absorption (TPA) are presented for the ladder Ξ-system obtained using the 5 S -5 P - nD , mS system of levels of the 85 Rb and 87 Rb atoms with n = 5, 26, and 27 and m = 39 and 48. To perform these studies, a high-temperature optical cell was designed with several regions with the following thicknesses L : 2 mm, 0.7 mm, and the region of 2–6 μm. The advantages of using thin cells over ordinary cells several centimeters thick are demonstrated. It is shown that the EIT resonance parameters for n = 5, 26, and 27 deteriorate insignificantly for thickness down to 700 μm. The TPA is recorded with the cell thickness decreasing down to L = 6 μm. It is shown that using the EIT and TPA processes makes it possible to measure the hyperfine and fine structures of highlying atomic levels. The influence of the cell walls is appreciable in recording the EIT resonances in the system 5 S -5 P -39 S with L = 0.7 mm and in the system 5 S -5 P -48 S with L = 2 mm. Possible applications of the processes studied are indicated.
Recently developed thin cells containing atomic vapor of micrometric column thickness L allow one to study peculiarities of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) phenomenon, along with the accompanying velocity selective optical pumping/saturation (VSOP) resonances for the case when < 100 &mgr;m. The micrometric thin cells (MTC) are filled with pure Rb and neither buffer gas nor paraffin-coated walls were used. The Λ-systems on D2 line of 85Rb have been studied experimentally with the use of bi-chromatic radiation of two separate diode lasers (λ≈780 nm, γL&≈ 5MHz). It is demonstrated that when L~60 &mgr;m it is still possible to form the EIT resonance with the sub-natural linewidth ~ 5 MHz. The EIT resonance linewidth increases up to 10 MHz , when column thickness L is reduced down to ~ 2 &mgr;m. Six VSOP resonances are detected in the fluorescence and absorption spectra when the thickness L ~ 10 &mgr;m. Dependence of the EIT resonance linewidth as a function of the atomic vapor column thickness L is presented.
We have studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the 5S1/2−5P3/2−5D5/2 ladder-type system of Rb. We observed relative changing magnitude of EIT hyperfine structures depending on not only the polarizations of the lasers but also the intensity of the coupling laser. The coupling-intensity effects are attributed to the nonlinear increase of the EIT signal to the coupling intensity. EIT signals nonlinear on the coupling intensity are analyzed by considering coherent interaction between atom and laser fields.
By analogy with the well-tested method of high-resolution spectroscopy in thin gas cells for the processes of optical pumping of atoms, this work shows the possibility of detecting narrow sub-Doppler optical resonances caused directly by straight photoionization of atoms (or molecules) in such cells. The structure of the established nontrivial resonances substantially depends on the probability of photoionization of atoms and dimensions of such a cell, the internal thickness of which is many times smaller than its diameter. Of particular interest is the broadening of the considered sub-Doppler resonances, which is determined directly by the photoionization cross section of atoms and the intensity of radiation causing ionization. Under certain conditions, such photoionization broadening can be measured experimentally with high accuracy, as a result of which it is possible to obtain new important information about ionization processes in atoms and molecules.