Light force manipulation of gallium atoms

Steven J. Rehse, Lee, Siu Au, advisor, Menoni, Carmen, committee member, Lundeen, Stephen, committee member, Sites, James, committee member

Published Jan 1, 2002• 1 citation

Publisher

Abstract

We have demonstrated the first one-dimensional laser cooling of neutral gallium atoms. We identified the 4p2P3/2(F=3) → 4d2D5/2(F=4) transition at 294.45 nm as a cycling transition suitable for laser cooling. We developed a frequency stabilized tunable UV laser capable of generating over 90 mW for use at that wavelength. A careful spectroscopy of the hyperfine structure was performed on the 294.45 nm transition. This spectroscopy significantly improved the measurement of the Ga hyperfine constants and corrected existing errors in the literature.

DOI: 10.25675/3.025730

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The hyperfine transitions in the 399 nm ${^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{^{1}P}_{1}$ line in $^{173}\text{Y}\text{b}$ overlap with the transition in $^{172}\text{Y}\text{b}$ . We use transverse laser cooling on this line to selectively deflect $^{173}\text{Y}\text{b}$ atoms from a thermal beam containing both isotopes. We then use an acousto-optic modulator to span the frequency difference between the hyperfine transitions, and hence measure hyperfine structure in the ${^{1}P}_{1}$ state. Our precise values for the hyperfine constants, ${A}_{173}=57.693\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006\text{ }\text{MHz}$ and ${B}_{173}=609.028\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.056\text{ }\text{MHz}$, improve previous values significantly.The hyperfine transitions in the 399 nm ${^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{^{1}P}_{1}$ line in $^{173}\text{Y}\text{b}$ overlap with the transition in $^{172}\text{Y}\text{b}$. We use transverse laser cooling on this line to selectively deflect $^{173}\text{Y}\text{b}$ atoms from a thermal beam containing both isotopes. We then use an acousto-optic modulator to span the frequency difference between the hyperfine transitions, and hence measure hyperfine structure in the ${^{1}P}_{1}$ state. Our precise values for the hyperfine constants, ${A}_{173}=57.693\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006\text{ }\text{MHz}$ and ${B}_{173}=609.028\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.056\text{ }\text{MHz}$, improve previous values significantly.

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294.45\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{nm}

, the full angular divergence of the atomic beam was reduced to

0.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mrad}

, corresponding to a transverse velocity of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{cm}∕\mathrm{s}$, about one-half the Doppler cooling limit. The dependence of the cooling efficiency on the laser detuning and power was investigated. Optical pumping of the atoms out of the

4{p}^{\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2}{P}_{3∕2}(F=3)

state by the cooling laser was observed. Repumping schemes were investigated and found to successfully repopulate the cooled

F=3

hyperfine state.

We perform laser spectroscopy of Yb

{}^{+}

ions on the 4

{f}^{14}6s{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{S}_{1/2}

4{f}^{13}5d6s

{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}D{[3/2]}_{1/2}

transition at 297 nm. The frequency measurements for

{}^{170}

{}^{+}

{}^{172}

{}^{+}

{}^{174}

{}^{+}

, and

{}^{176}

{}^{+}

reveal the specific mass shift as well as the field shifts. In addition, we demonstrate laser cooling of Yb

{}^{+}

ions using this transition and show that light at 297 nm can be used as the second step in the photoionization of neutral Yb atoms.

The hyperfine transitions in the 399 nm ${^{1}S}_{0}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{^{1}P}_{1}$ line in

^{173}\text{Y}\text{b}

overlap with the transition in

^{172}\text{Y}\text{b}

. We use transverse laser cooling on this line to selectively deflect

^{173}\text{Y}\text{b}

atoms from a thermal beam containing both isotopes. We then use an acousto-optic modulator to span the frequency difference between the hyperfine transitions, and hence measure hyperfine structure in the

{^{1}P}_{1}

state. Our precise values for the hyperfine constants, ${A}_{173}=57.693\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006\text{ }\text{MHz}$ and ${B}_{173}=609.028\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.056\text{ }\text{MHz}$, improve previous values significantly.