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Annalen der Physik

Generation of Competitive and Coexisting Two Pairs of Biphotons in Single Hot Atomic Vapor Cell

Kangkang Li, Yuan Feng, Xinghua Li, Bingling Gu, Yin Cai, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Jul 8, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The non‐classical states of light serve as a potential candidate for emerging quantum information process. A processing trend to enhance its scalability is to integrate multiple nonlinear processes with the dressed‐state picture into a single device, and therefore, are useful for quantum computations. Here, a novel method is proposed to experimentally achieve the generation of coexisting two pairs of narrow‐band biphotons by two four‐wave mixing processes in a single hot rubidium vapor cell. Based on the photon‐atom nonlinear interfaces, the generated biphotons exhibits genuine entanglement in time–energy. Meanwhile, the nonlinear susceptibility with the dressed‐state picture decides the temporal correlation of the biphotons wave packet as a damped periodic Rabi oscillation, suggesting the property of the high‐dimensional time–energy entangled state. Such a high‐dimensional entangled state also is an efficient way to enhance information carrying capacity. By alternating two nonlinear susceptibilities in a single device, respectively, there exists a competition of the generation rate between such two pairs of biphotons. Moreover, both generated two pairs of biphotons that violate the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and show their non‐classical behavior.

DOI
10.1002/andp.202000283

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Abstract The non‐classical states of light serve as a potential candidate for emerging quantum information process. A processing trend to enhance its scalability is to integrate multiple nonlinear processes with the dressed‐state picture into a single device, and therefore, are useful for quantum computations. Here, a novel method is proposed to experimentally achieve the generation of coexisting two pairs of narrow‐band biphotons by two four‐wave mixing processes in a single hot rubidium vapor cell. Based on the photon‐atom nonlinear interfaces, the generated biphotons exhibits genuine entanglement in time–energy. Meanwhile, the nonlinear susceptibility with the dressed‐state picture decides the temporal correlation of the biphotons wave packet as a damped periodic Rabi oscillation, suggesting the property of the high‐dimensional time–energy entangled state. Such a high‐dimensional entangled state also is an efficient way to enhance information carrying capacity. By alternating two nonlinear susceptibilities in a single device, respectively, there exists a competition of the generation rate between such two pairs of biphotons. Moreover, both generated two pairs of biphotons that violate the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and show their non‐classical behavior.
Abstract Compared with biphotons, the three‐body photons have a more plentiful energy construction. Further, excellent properties such as entangled multiqubit states, high security, flexibility, and information capacity are observed as the increased number of photons is manipulated, in turn increasing the need for a multiple‐body quantum information process. Here, a novel method is proposed to generate natural narrowband three‐body photons of W state, entangled in time (or energy) via a single step of six‐wave mixing process (SWMP). Emphasizing on the linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the SWMP, the properties of temporal correlation of the generated triphoton in the photon coincidence counting measurements are studied. Based on the photon–atom interfaces, these susceptibilities compete or coexist with each other. Meanwhile, in a dressed‐state picture, the nonlinear susceptibility decides the temporal correlation of the triphoton wave packet as damped multiperiodic Rabi oscillation, suggesting the property of the high‐dimensional time−energy entangled triphoton state. Moreover, combining the topology energy level constructions with the optical responses is a significant method for investigating the peculiarity in the temporal correlation of the generated three‐body photons.
Abstract The nonclassical states of light serve as potential candidates for emerging quantum information processes. A quantum information unit with higher information capacity is interesting and useful in large quantum information systems, such as quantum computations. The most mature way to increase information capacity is to employ a post‐selection or cascaded method with the biphoton state and polarizing beam splitters to increase the qubits of the entangled state. Another promising processing is shaping the temporal correlations of entangled state to high‐dimensional entangled states to increase the superposed states of each qubit. Based on the photon pair state in a hot atomic ensemble, experiments are conducted to shape its temporal correlations to multi‐periodic Rabi oscillations and nonlinear phase shifts. By employing the external dressing field to quantum transitions, the nonlinear interaction produces multiple frequency modes, shaping the temporal correlation of photon pairs to multi‐periodic Rabi oscillation and proposing a 3D energy–time‐entangled qubit for photon pair state. Interestingly, the maximum peak of the periodic Rabi oscillation can migrate with a longer correlation time because of a nonlinear phase shift. Wave shaping of the photon pair state, therefore, has the potential for applications in quantum information processes with higher information capacity and quantum memory.
We experimentally realize and theoretically analyze narrow-band biphotons generated in a hot rubidium vapor cell by four-wave-mixing processing. A dressing laser beam is used to alternate both linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the vapor, thereby modifying the biphoton's temporal correlation function. Most notably, the correlation time is increased from 6 to 165 ns. The biphoton shape is also shown to change as a result of the coupled-states dressing. We observed Rabi oscillations and optical precursors in hot atomic vapor cells. We also theoretically simulated biphoton correlation times as influenced by dressing-laser detuning and power, the results of which are consistent with our experiments.
The biphoton states have served as one of the candidates for most quantum‐enabled technologies. Moreover, with the benefit of photon–atom interactions, biphotons with controllable wave functions are particularly interesting in quantum information processes. Herein, an experimental realization of the shaping temporal correlation of biphotons from the four‐wave mixing process in a hot Rb atomic ensemble is presented. Based on the slow‐light effect and electromagnetically induced transparency in the group delay region, the precursor‐like propagation is observed and separated from the rising edge of the delayed wave packets of biphotons temporal correlation. In addition, the application of an additional dressing field enriches the features of the biphotons temporal correlation such as the manipulation of the dispersion experienced by the generated photons and controllable coherent time. Furthermore, with a higher optical depth and stronger dressing coupling effect, the temporal correlation of biphotons is shaped from the group delay region to the Rabi oscillation region and even superposed of them.
We demonstrate the generation of high-quality narrowband biphotons from a Doppler-broadened hot rubidium atomic vapor cell. Choosing a double-Λ atomic energy level scheme for optimizing both spontaneous four-wave mixing nonlinear parametric interaction and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), we achieve a biphoton spectral brightness as high as 14 000 s−1 MHz−1. Meanwhile, we apply a spatially tailored optical pumping beam for reduction of the Raman noise and obtain a violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality by a factor of 1023.
We have theoretically analyzed nonclassical paired photons generated spontaneously from a four-level inverted-Y atomic system. We discuss the feasibility of biphoton generation due to different pumping arrangements. Two types of correlated photon pair emissions have been carefully examined: dressed cascade and dressed double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ emissions. In the dressed cascade two-photon emission, the coincidence counting rate may exhibit a damped Rabi oscillation, in contrast with a simple exponential decay feature in the literatures. In the dressed double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration, we show that not only is the temporal correlation of entangled Stokes--anti-Stokes photons in agreement with discussions presented by Wen et al. [Phys. Rev. A 76, 013825 (2007)], but also the oscillation period may be manipulated by altering either the control Rabi frequency or the dressing Rabi frequency or both. All the observed damped Rabi oscillations in the two-photon coincidences result from the destructive interference among the possible four-wave mixing processes occurring in the atom-field interaction system. This feature of the two-photon amplitude is governed by the convolution between the phase matching and third-order nonlinear susceptibility. The methodology adopted here can be applied to other atomic-level configurations and provides a useful tool to study the spectroscopy of the system. The generated narrow-band photon pairs may have potential applications in long-distance quantum communication and quantum information processing.