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Physical Review A

Dressing control of biphoton waveform transitions

Xinghua Li, Dan Zhang, Da Zhang, Ling Yun Hao, Haixia Chen, Zhiguo Wang, Yanpeng Zhang

Published May 22, 2018• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally realize and theoretically analyze narrow-band biphotons generated in a hot rubidium vapor cell by four-wave-mixing processing. A dressing laser beam is used to alternate both linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the vapor, thereby modifying the biphoton's temporal correlation function. Most notably, the correlation time is increased from 6 to 165 ns. The biphoton shape is also shown to change as a result of the coupled-states dressing. We observed Rabi oscillations and optical precursors in hot atomic vapor cells. We also theoretically simulated biphoton correlation times as influenced by dressing-laser detuning and power, the results of which are consistent with our experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.97.053830

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We experimentally realize and theoretically analyze narrow-band biphotons generated in a hot rubidium vapor cell by four-wave-mixing processing. A dressing laser beam is used to alternate both linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the vapor, thereby modifying the biphoton's temporal correlation function. Most notably, the correlation time is increased from 6 to 165 ns. The biphoton shape is also shown to change as a result of the coupled-states dressing. We observed Rabi oscillations and optical precursors in hot atomic vapor cells. We also theoretically simulated biphoton correlation times as influenced by dressing-laser detuning and power, the results of which are consistent with our experiments.
The biphoton states have served as one of the candidates for most quantum‐enabled technologies. Moreover, with the benefit of photon–atom interactions, biphotons with controllable wave functions are particularly interesting in quantum information processes. Herein, an experimental realization of the shaping temporal correlation of biphotons from the four‐wave mixing process in a hot Rb atomic ensemble is presented. Based on the slow‐light effect and electromagnetically induced transparency in the group delay region, the precursor‐like propagation is observed and separated from the rising edge of the delayed wave packets of biphotons temporal correlation. In addition, the application of an additional dressing field enriches the features of the biphotons temporal correlation such as the manipulation of the dispersion experienced by the generated photons and controllable coherent time. Furthermore, with a higher optical depth and stronger dressing coupling effect, the temporal correlation of biphotons is shaped from the group delay region to the Rabi oscillation region and even superposed of them.
Abstract The non‐classical states of light serve as a potential candidate for emerging quantum information process. A processing trend to enhance its scalability is to integrate multiple nonlinear processes with the dressed‐state picture into a single device, and therefore, are useful for quantum computations. Here, a novel method is proposed to experimentally achieve the generation of coexisting two pairs of narrow‐band biphotons by two four‐wave mixing processes in a single hot rubidium vapor cell. Based on the photon‐atom nonlinear interfaces, the generated biphotons exhibits genuine entanglement in time–energy. Meanwhile, the nonlinear susceptibility with the dressed‐state picture decides the temporal correlation of the biphotons wave packet as a damped periodic Rabi oscillation, suggesting the property of the high‐dimensional time–energy entangled state. Such a high‐dimensional entangled state also is an efficient way to enhance information carrying capacity. By alternating two nonlinear susceptibilities in a single device, respectively, there exists a competition of the generation rate between such two pairs of biphotons. Moreover, both generated two pairs of biphotons that violate the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and show their non‐classical behavior.
We report the generation of narrowband entangled photon pairs (biphotons) from a hot atomic vapor cell. Making use of backward spontaneous four-wave mixing with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), we produced subnatural-linewidth (1.9 MHz < 6 MHz) biphotons from a Doppler-broadened (0.5 GHz) hot (63 C) paraffin-coated rubidium 87 vapor cell. The biphoton coherence time is controable and can be tuned up to 100 ns by EIT. The uncorrelated photons from resonance Raman scattering are suppressed by a spatially separated and tailored optical pumping beam. The spectral brightness is as high as 14,000 s−1MHz−1. As compared with the cold-atom experiment , the hot atomic vapour cell configuration is much simpler for operation and maintenance, and it is a continuous biphoton source. Our demonstration may lead to miniature narrowband biphoton sources based on atomic vapour cells for practical quantum applications and engineering.
We study narrow-band biphoton generation from spontaneous four-wave mixing with electromagnetically induced transparency in a laser cooled atomic ensemble. We compare two formalisms in the interaction and Heisenberg pictures, and find that they agree in the low gain regime but disagree in the high gain regime. We extend both formalisms accounting the non-uniformity in atomic density and the driving laser fields. We find that for a fixed optical depth and a weak and far-detuned pump laser beam, the two-photon waveform is independent of the atomic density distribution. However, the spatial profiles of the two driving laser beams have significant effects on the biphoton temporal waveform. We predict that waveform shaping in time domain can be achieved by controlling the spatial profiles of the driving laser fields.
We demonstrate the generation of high-quality narrowband biphotons from a Doppler-broadened hot rubidium atomic vapor cell. Choosing a double-Λ atomic energy level scheme for optimizing both spontaneous four-wave mixing nonlinear parametric interaction and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), we achieve a biphoton spectral brightness as high as 14 000 s−1 MHz−1. Meanwhile, we apply a spatially tailored optical pumping beam for reduction of the Raman noise and obtain a violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality by a factor of 1023.