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Modern Physics Letters A

Controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol based on Grover’s algorithm

Aihan Yin, Weibin Lin, Kemeng He, Zhifei Han, Ping Fan

Published Jun 25, 2020• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (CBQSDC) protocol based on Grover’s algorithm is proposed in our paper, which is on the basis of investigating the properties of it. To avoid information leakage, the strategy of adding control-not gate is employed in our protocol. The proposed protocol uses Bell state as quantum resource to transmit information in a dual-quantum-channel. Through the proposed measures, we can not only prevent information leakage, but also improve the efficiency of transmission. As can be shown from the security analysis, the Grover’s algorithm has great application prospects in the research of CBQSDC.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732320502284

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A novel controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (CBQSDC) protocol based on Grover’s algorithm is proposed in our paper, which is on the basis of investigating the properties of it. To avoid information leakage, the strategy of adding control-not gate is employed in our protocol. The proposed protocol uses Bell state as quantum resource to transmit information in a dual-quantum-channel. Through the proposed measures, we can not only prevent information leakage, but also improve the efficiency of transmission. As can be shown from the security analysis, the Grover’s algorithm has great application prospects in the research of CBQSDC.
In this paper, a novel controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol (CBQSDC) is proposed. In this scheme, both users can transmit their secret messages directly and simultaneously under the permission of the controller. The proposed method use feature of entanglement swapping which is led to more efficiency (lowest number of quantum resources (EPR pairs)), security and the lowest number of security checking steps. Also, a generalization of the protocol is explained and a protocol of CBQSDC-based network is presented.
Abstract Controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (CBQSDC) is an important research direction in quantum secure direct communication. It can enable two legitimate users to confidentially exchange secret messages only with the permission of the controller. In many practical scenarios, CBQSDC needs to avoid the controller from obtaining useful information on the secret messages. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce the concept of controller independent controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (CICBQSDC) that has a controller to control the communication but restricts the controller to obtain useful information on the secret messages. In other words, we only require the controller of CICBQSDC to cooperate, not to be trusted. In addition, a novel CICBQSDC protocol is constructed. To make CICBQSDC protocols have broad application scenarios, we point out that they need to avoid four security problems: the information leakage problem, the problem of violating simultaneity, the problem of communication not being controlled, and the problem of controllers stealing secret information. Furthermore, we show that the constructed CICBQSDC protocol can avoid the four security problems. Moreover, the unconditional security of the constructed CICBQSDC protocol is demonstrated in the asymptotic scenario.
In this paper, a novel controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol (CBQSDC) is proposed. In this scheme, both users can transmit their secret messages directly and simultaneously under the permission of the controller. The proposed method use feature of entanglement swapping which is led to more efficiency (lowest number of quantum resources (EPR pairs)), security and the lowest number of security checking steps. Also, a generalization of the protocol is explained and a protocol of CBQSDC-based network is presented.
A controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol without information leakage was proposed.In the proposed protocol,two authenticated communication parties,Alice and Bob,were able to securely exchange their secret messages simultaneously under the control of the controller,Charlie.The problem of information leakage was overcome by making full use of the measurement correlation property after entanglement swapping among three Bell states.Moreover,the proposed protocol merely took the Bell state as quantum resource and merely needed the Bell measurement so that it was convenient to implement.Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can detect not only the active attacks from the outside eavesdropper,but also the dishonest behavior from the controller,Charlie.It can be concluded that the proposed protocol has good security.
The security of controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication using a GHZ state [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 (2006) 1680] is analyzed. It turns out that the MX protocol has the problem of definite information leakage, i.e., the first bit of a secret message from any communication party is always leaked out without any active attack after the controller's announcement of measurement results. We put forward two approaches to improve this. The first is to merely modify the encoding rule of the MX protocol, while the second is to use a Bell state as the quantum resource instead of a GHZ state. Both our approaches can ensure that all the bits of secret messages from two communication parties are not leaked out after the controller's announcement of measurement results. Moreover, the controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol based on the second approach is more convenient to implement than the MX protocol, since it merely uses a Bell state as the quantum resource and only needs to perform the Bell-basis measurement.
The multi-user controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication network protocol based on classical EXCLUSIVE-OR operation and quantum entanglement is analyzed. It is shown that this protocol has the information leakage problem, that is, one half of the information the users transmit is leaked out unconsciously. Furthermore, it is also weak against the intercept-measure-resend attack and the Controlled-Not operation attack from an outside adversary, and the different initial state attack from the controller.