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IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference

Physical Layer Security in Multi-Tag Ambient Backscatter Communications – Jamming vs. Cooperation

Ji Yoon Han, Mi Ji Kim, Junsu Kim, Su Min Kim

Published May 1, 2020• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we study on two different strategies - jamming and cooperation - for improving physical layer security in multi-tag ambient backscatter communications, which utilize existing radio frequency source. First of all, we propose a jamming-based multi-tag scheduling method, which selects a tag for data transmission and another tag(s) for artificial noise generation, in order to give a harmful impact to an eavesdropper. Next, we propose a cooperation-based multi-tag scheduling method, which selects a tag for data transmission and another tag(s) for cooperative transmission (the same data) in order to be helpful to a receiver. Through extensive simulations, we evaluate both strategies in terms of bit error rate and secrecy rate. Finally, we provide a guideline which strategy is better to apply for given environments depending on the total number of tags, channel gains between tags and the receiver, and the number of scheduled tags for jamming or cooperation.

DOI
10.1109/wcnc45663.2020.9120481

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IEICE Transactions on Communications•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations
In this paper, we study on two different strategies - jamming and cooperation - for improving physical layer security in multi-tag ambient backscatter communications, which utilize existing radio frequency source. First of all, we propose a jamming-based multi-tag scheduling method, which selects a tag for data transmission and another tag(s) for artificial noise generation, in order to give a harmful impact to an eavesdropper. Next, we propose a cooperation-based multi-tag scheduling method, which selects a tag for data transmission and another tag(s) for cooperative transmission (the same data) in order to be helpful to a receiver. Through extensive simulations, we evaluate both strategies in terms of bit error rate and secrecy rate. Finally, we provide a guideline which strategy is better to apply for given environments depending on the total number of tags, channel gains between tags and the receiver, and the number of scheduled tags for jamming or cooperation.
In this paper, we propose an artificial noise-aided tag scheduling (ANTS) scheme in order to enhance physical layer security in ambient backscatter communications (ABCs), which utilize existing radio frequency (RF) signals such as TV, FM radio, Wi-Fi, and so on. In more detail, we first select the best tag based on the channel gain between a tag and a reader and then select another tag for generating artificial noise affecting an eavesdropper. Consequently, we propose a scheduling criterion to choose both information and artificial noise tags. In addition, we apply a successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique at the reader in order to eliminate the interference from the artificial noise tag. The simulation results show that our proposed ANTS scheme can obtain a better secrecy rate as the channel gain between the tag and the receiver increases and the number of tags increases. Moreover, when the number of tags is sufficiently large, the proposed ANTS scheme significantly outperforms the conventional scheme in terms of average secrecy rate.
Backscatter wireless communication lies at the heart of many practical low-cost, low-power, distributed passive sensing systems. The inherent cost restrictions coupled with the modest computational and storage capabilities of passive sensors, such as RFID tags, render the adoption of classical security techniques challenging; which motivates the introduction of physical layer security approaches. Despite their promising potential, little has been done to study the prospective benefits of such physical layer techniques in backscatter systems. In this paper, the physical layer security of wireless backscatter systems is studied and analyzed. First, the secrecy rate of a basic single-reader, single-tag model is studied. Then, the unique features of the backscatter channel are exploited to maximize this secrecy rate. In particular, the proposed approach allows a backscatter system's reader to inject a noise-like signal, added to the conventional continuous wave signal, in order to interfere with an eavesdropper's reception of the tag's information signal. The benefits of this approach are studied for a variety of scenarios while assessing the impact of key factors, such as antenna gains and location of the eavesdropper, on the overall secrecy of the backscatter transmission. Numerical results corroborate our analytical insights and show that, if properly deployed, the injection of artificial noise yields significant performance gains in terms of improving the secrecy of backscatter wireless transmission.
The broadcast nature of wireless communications makes the propagation medium vulnerable to security attacks such as eavesdropping and jamming from adversarial or unauthorized users. Applying physical layer secrecy approaches will enable the exchange of confidential messages over a wireless medium in the presence of unauthorized eavesdroppers, without using any secret keys. However, physical layer security approaches are typically feasible only when the source-eavesdropper channel is weaker than the source-destination channel. Cooperative jamming can be used to overcome this challenge and increase the secrecy rate. In this paper, the security of two-phase relaying system with multiple intermediate nodes and in the presence of an eavesdropper is investigated. To enhance the system secrecy rate, a joint cooperative beamforming and jamming combined with relay and jammer selections is proposed. In phase I, the source node broadcasts a signal to relays while three intermediate nodes (which act as jammers) help the source node by transmitting random jamming signals to confuse the eavesdropper. Since the friendly (cooperative) jammers create interference for both the intended relays and the eavesdropper, optimal beamforming is applied such that no interference is caused at two preselected desired relays (that are going to receive the confidential massage in phase I). In phase II, two preselected relays transmit the source message with beamforming coefficients such that the received signal at the eavesdropper is completely nulled out. Our goal in this paper is to minimize the received SNR at the eavesdropper while increasing it at the destination as much as possible by applying different methods such as cooperative beamforming, cooperative jamming and relay selection. To avoid operational complexity, we consider the minimum number of intermediate nodes that are necessary without losing the performance. Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of our proposed scheme compared with the scheme with no cooperative jamming.
In this paper, three different relay and jammers selection schemes are presented to improve the physical layer security of two-way cooperative networks in the presence of multiple cooperating and non-cooperating eavesdroppers. The presented selection schemes are; optimal selection scheme without jamming, optimal selection scheme with conventional jamming, and optimal selection scheme with controlled jamming. The proposed schemes select three intermediate nodes during two communication phases. In the first phase, a friendly jammer is selected to create intentional interference at the eavesdroppers' nodes. In the second phase, two relay nodes are selected; one node is selected to operate as a conventional relay and assists the sources to deliver their data to the corresponding destinations via a Decode-and-Forward (DF) strategy. While the other node behaves as a jammer node in order to confuse the eavesdroppers in this phase. The proposed schemes are analyzed in terms of ergodic secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability. The obtained results show that the jamming schemes outperform the non-jamming schemes in the eavesdroppers' environment. Moreover, cooperating eavesdroppers' further degrade system's secrecy performance than the non-cooperating ones. Finally, a comparison between relay and jammers selection schemes in both one-way and two-way cooperative networks is given in terms of both ergodic secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability metrics.
In this paper, we proposed a scheme that Injects artificial noise from the tag end (IANT) to enhance the physical layer security of the ambient backscatter communication (ABC) system. The difference between the ABC system and the traditional radio frequency identification system is whether it uses the radio frequency (RF) signals in the environment to supply energy and modulation information for passive tags. In the IANT scheme, we select the best tag to communicate with the reader according to the channel quality between tags and reader, and at the same time select another tag to generate artificial noise that affects the receiving effect of the eavesdropper. This paper uses the method of generating noise copies in the reader to reduce the interference of artificial noise on the signal received by the reader. The simulation results show that with the increase in channel quality between tags and reader and the increase in the number of tags, the proposed IANT scheme is significantly superior to the contrast scheme in terms of system achievable secrecy rate, effectively enhancing the physical layer security of the ABC system.
In this paper we establish a secure communication model where eavesdropper and intended receiver have multiple antennas. We use cooperation and jamming to achieve physical layer security. First, we study how to allocate power between the information bearing signal and the jamming signal. Second, based on this model, we also jointly optimize both the information bearing signal weights and the jamming signal weights to improve physical layer security. The optimal power allocation and the weights are obtained via an iteration algorithm to maximize the secrecy rate. Comparing with equal power allocation and some other different methods, it shows that using cooperative relaying and jamming can significantly improve the physical layer security from the simulation results.