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Quantum Electronics

Resonances of electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in a light field of elliptically polarised waves

Д. В. Коваленко, M. Yu. Basalaev, Valeriy I. Yudin, А. В. Тайченачев

Published Jun 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonances excited by a strong two-frequency field are considered for various values of the total angular momenta of the ground (F g) and excited (F e) states at a degenerated optical closed transition F g → F e. The light field is formed by two co-propagating waves with arbitrary elliptical polarisations. The process of spontaneous transfer of anisotropy from the excited state to the ground state is shown to determine the formation of the EIA resonance at the transition F g = F → F e = F + 1. The results obtained generalise the classification of transitions into ‘bright’ (F g = F → F e = F + 1) and ‘dark’ (F g = F → F e = F and F g = F → F e = F – 1) transitions with respect to the direction of a subnatural resonance.

DOI
10.1070/qel17366

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2008•10 citations
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonances excited by a strong two-frequency field are considered for various values of the total angular momenta of the ground (F g) and excited (F e) states at a degenerated optical closed transition F g → F e. The light field is formed by two co-propagating waves with arbitrary elliptical polarisations. The process of spontaneous transfer of anisotropy from the excited state to the ground state is shown to determine the formation of the EIA resonance at the transition F g = F → F e = F + 1. The results obtained generalise the classification of transitions into ‘bright’ (F g = F → F e = F + 1) and ‘dark’ (F g = F → F e = F and F g = F → F e = F – 1) transitions with respect to the direction of a subnatural resonance.
Outside of the perturbation theory for bichromatic field of two co-propagating elliptically polarized waves, the type of the subnatural (electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or absorption (EIA)) resonance is theoretically found to determined only by the angular momenta of the ground (Fg) and the excited (Fe) states of atomic gas. Herewith, the spontaneous transfer of anisotropy from the excited state to the ground one leads to the formation of the EIA resonance at the transition Fg= F → Fe= F + 1.
Using a 1 --> 2 transition as an analytically tractable model, we discuss in detail magneto-optical resonances of both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) types in the Hanle configuration. The analysis is made for an arbitrary rate of depolarizing collisions in the excited state and an arbitrary elliptical field polarization. The obtained results clearly show that the main reason for the EIA subnatural resonance is the spontaneous transfer of anisotropy from the excited level to the ground level. In the EIA case we predict the negative structures in the absorption resonance at large field detuning. The role of the finite atom-light interaction time is briefly discussed. In addition we study nontrivial peculiarities of the resonance line shape related to the velocity spread in a gas.
Nonlinear laser spectroscopy is considered in the scheme of two collinear waves with arbitrary elliptical polarizations. Emphasis is placed on investigating the nonlinear corrections in the absorption spectrum of one of the waves. The spontaneous transfer of low-frequency Zeeman coherence is shown to affect the sign of the subnatural-width resonance. For a closed transition, the direction of the resonance profile has been found to depend only on the angular momenta F e and F g . On this basis, a classification has been developed for various transitions by the direction of the subnatural-width resonance profile.
We propose the effective and easy method for controlling a sign of narrow resonances of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA). These nonlinear resonances are the bright examples of the nonlinear effects based on the low-frequency atomic coherences. Here we explore the general light polarizations and various types of atomic transitions. For convenience we use the Hanle configuration for observing the EIT and EIA signals. The scheme is composed of two counterpropagating overlapped light waves with the same frequency and the static magnetic field applied along the cell. The sign of the resonance can be governed by varying either the angle between the polarizations or the ellipticity parameters. The calculations have shown that the sign-reversal effect exists for the dark-type atomic transitions as well as for the bright ones (i.e. F→F+1). We also give some analytical results and clear physical interpretation. Some of the theoretical conclusions have been proved by the experiments (D1-line in87Rb). Also, it should be specially mentioned that the method proposed can provide the high-contrast EIA resonances even in the presence of a buffer gas, when the collisional depolarization of the exited state takes place.
Summary form only given. It is well-known that nonlinear interference effects in the resonant atom-light interaction can lead to interesting and important phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium, coherent population trapping, lasing without inversion, and others. Common to all these phenomena is the appearance of light-induced coherence between atomic levels, which are not coupled by dipole transitions. Recently Akulshin and co-workers (1998-9) have observed subnatural-width resonances in the absorption on the D/sub 2/ line of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. It is remarkable that, apart from expected EIT-resonances with negative sign, authors detected positive resonances termed as electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). More recently, similar effects in a (3+5)-state system have been described as a result of constructive interference of the dipole excitation channels. We propose a simple theoretical model for EIA - a four-state N-atom. Remember that three-state /spl Lambda/- and V-systems give the EIT-resonances only.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance is obtained in a well-studied lambda three level system where an optical coupling field and a probing field interact with two optical transitions. However, both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and EIT can be obtained in a modified quasi-lambda four level system consisting of an optical-radio two-photon coupling field and a probing field. By solving the density matrix equation of motion, a physical account of EIA and EIT is given in terms of a dressed state picture. It can be seen that the optical coupling field in this quasi-lambda four level system has a crucial effect on the forming of EIA and EIT. An EIA is observed under a resonant optical coupling and it evolves into an EIT when there is a detuning. Furthermore, the width of EIA or EIT increases as the optical coupling Rabi frequency increases.