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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Effective polarization method for controlling a sign of the nonlinear subnatural resonances

Denis V. Brazhnikov, А. В. Тайченачев, Valeriy I. Yudin, M. Yu. Basalaev, I. I. Ryabtsev, Vasily M. Entin

Published May 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose the effective and easy method for controlling a sign of narrow resonances of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA). These nonlinear resonances are the bright examples of the nonlinear effects based on the low-frequency atomic coherences. Here we explore the general light polarizations and various types of atomic transitions. For convenience we use the Hanle configuration for observing the EIT and EIA signals. The scheme is composed of two counterpropagating overlapped light waves with the same frequency and the static magnetic field applied along the cell. The sign of the resonance can be governed by varying either the angle between the polarizations or the ellipticity parameters. The calculations have shown that the sign-reversal effect exists for the dark-type atomic transitions as well as for the bright ones (i.e. F→F+1). We also give some analytical results and clear physical interpretation. Some of the theoretical conclusions have been proved by the experiments (D1-line in87Rb). Also, it should be specially mentioned that the method proposed can provide the high-contrast EIA resonances even in the presence of a buffer gas, when the collisional depolarization of the exited state takes place.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe.2011.5942932

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We propose the effective and easy method for controlling a sign of narrow resonances of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA). These nonlinear resonances are the bright examples of the nonlinear effects based on the low-frequency atomic coherences. Here we explore the general light polarizations and various types of atomic transitions. For convenience we use the Hanle configuration for observing the EIT and EIA signals. The scheme is composed of two counterpropagating overlapped light waves with the same frequency and the static magnetic field applied along the cell. The sign of the resonance can be governed by varying either the angle between the polarizations or the ellipticity parameters. The calculations have shown that the sign-reversal effect exists for the dark-type atomic transitions as well as for the bright ones (i.e. F→F+1). We also give some analytical results and clear physical interpretation. Some of the theoretical conclusions have been proved by the experiments (D1-line in87Rb). Also, it should be specially mentioned that the method proposed can provide the high-contrast EIA resonances even in the presence of a buffer gas, when the collisional depolarization of the exited state takes place.
The method for observing the high-contrast and narrow-width resonances of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the Hanle configuration under counterpropagating light waves is proposed. We theoretically analyze the absorption of a probe light wave in presence of counterpropagating one with the same frequency as the function of a static magnetic field applied along the vectors of light waves, propagating in a vapour cell. Here, as an example, we study a "dark" type of atomic dipole transition Fg=1-->Fe=1 in D1 line of 87Rb, where usually the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be observed. To obtain the EIA signal one should proper chose the polarizations of light waves and intensities. In contrast of regular schemes for observing EIA signals (in a single travelling light wave in the Hanle configuration or in a bichromatic light field consisted of two travelling waves), the proposed scheme allows one to use buffer gas to significantly enhance properties of the resonance. Also the dramatic influence of atomic transition openness on contrast of the resonance is revealed, that gives great advantage in comparison with cyclic atomic transitions. The obtained results can be interesting in high-resolution spectroscopy, nonlinear and magneto-optics.
Using a 1 --> 2 transition as an analytically tractable model, we discuss in detail magneto-optical resonances of both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) types in the Hanle configuration. The analysis is made for an arbitrary rate of depolarizing collisions in the excited state and an arbitrary elliptical field polarization. The obtained results clearly show that the main reason for the EIA subnatural resonance is the spontaneous transfer of anisotropy from the excited level to the ground level. In the EIA case we predict the negative structures in the absorption resonance at large field detuning. The role of the finite atom-light interaction time is briefly discussed. In addition we study nontrivial peculiarities of the resonance line shape related to the velocity spread in a gas.
A polarization method has been proposed for transforming the nonlinear electromagnetically induced transparency resonance into the electromagnetically induced absorption resonance (and vice versa) in the Hanle configuration in the field of counterpropagating waves. Numerical calculations have been performed for the F g = 2 → F e = 1 and F g = 2 → F e = 3 transitions in the 87Rb atom. The qualitative analysis of the effect has been performed for the three-level Λ scheme of the atomic energy levels. The main theoretical conclusions are in qualitative agreement with our experimental data for 87Rb. The results can be applied in magnetometry and nonlinear optics.
Outside of the perturbation theory for bichromatic field of two co-propagating elliptically polarized waves, the type of the subnatural (electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or absorption (EIA)) resonance is theoretically found to determined only by the angular momenta of the ground (Fg) and the excited (Fe) states of atomic gas. Herewith, the spontaneous transfer of anisotropy from the excited state to the ground one leads to the formation of the EIA resonance at the transition Fg= F → Fe= F + 1.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonances excited by a strong two-frequency field are considered for various values of the total angular momenta of the ground (F g) and excited (F e) states at a degenerated optical closed transition F g → F e. The light field is formed by two co-propagating waves with arbitrary elliptical polarisations. The process of spontaneous transfer of anisotropy from the excited state to the ground state is shown to determine the formation of the EIA resonance at the transition F g = F → F e = F + 1. The results obtained generalise the classification of transitions into ‘bright’ (F g = F → F e = F + 1) and ‘dark’ (F g = F → F e = F and F g = F → F e = F – 1) transitions with respect to the direction of a subnatural resonance.
A new configuration for observation of magneto-optical subnatural-linewidth resonances of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in alkali vapor has been verified experimentally. The configuration includes using two counter-propagating pump and probe light waves with mutually orthogonal linear polarizations, exciting an open optical transition of an alkali atom in the presence of a buffer gas. The main advantage of the novel observation scheme consists in the possibility of obtaining simultaneously high-contrast and quite narrow nonlinear signals. Here a 2.5-cm long rubidium-87 vapor cell filled with Ar buffer gas is used, and the excited optical transition is the Fg_gg​=2 →\to→ Fe_ee​=1 of the D1_11​ line. The signals registered reach a contrast of 57.7% with a FWHM of 7.2 mG. The contrast with respect to a wide Doppler pedestal well exceeds 100%. To our knowledge, to date this is the best result for EIA resonances in terms of contrast-to-width ratio. In general, the results demonstrate that the new magneto-optical scheme has very good prospects for various applications in quantum metrology, nonlinear optics and photonics.