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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Effect of the polarization of counterpropagating light waves on nonlinear resonances of the electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in the Hanle configuration

Denis V. Brazhnikov, А. В. Тайченачев, Anatolii M Tumaikin, Valeriy I. Yudin, I. I. Ryabtsev, Vasily M. Entin

Published Jun 1, 2010• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A polarization method has been proposed for transforming the nonlinear electromagnetically induced transparency resonance into the electromagnetically induced absorption resonance (and vice versa) in the Hanle configuration in the field of counterpropagating waves. Numerical calculations have been performed for the F g = 2 → F e = 1 and F g = 2 → F e = 3 transitions in the 87Rb atom. The qualitative analysis of the effect has been performed for the three-level Λ scheme of the atomic energy levels. The main theoretical conclusions are in qualitative agreement with our experimental data for 87Rb. The results can be applied in magnetometry and nonlinear optics.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364010120039

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A polarization method has been proposed for transforming the nonlinear electromagnetically induced transparency resonance into the electromagnetically induced absorption resonance (and vice versa) in the Hanle configuration in the field of counterpropagating waves. Numerical calculations have been performed for the F g = 2 → F e = 1 and F g = 2 → F e = 3 transitions in the 87Rb atom. The qualitative analysis of the effect has been performed for the three-level Λ scheme of the atomic energy levels. The main theoretical conclusions are in qualitative agreement with our experimental data for 87Rb. The results can be applied in magnetometry and nonlinear optics.
The method for observing the high-contrast and narrow-width resonances of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the Hanle configuration under counterpropagating light waves is proposed. We theoretically analyze the absorption of a probe light wave in presence of counterpropagating one with the same frequency as the function of a static magnetic field applied along the vectors of light waves, propagating in a vapour cell. Here, as an example, we study a "dark" type of atomic dipole transition Fg=1-->Fe=1 in D1 line of 87Rb, where usually the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be observed. To obtain the EIA signal one should proper chose the polarizations of light waves and intensities. In contrast of regular schemes for observing EIA signals (in a single travelling light wave in the Hanle configuration or in a bichromatic light field consisted of two travelling waves), the proposed scheme allows one to use buffer gas to significantly enhance properties of the resonance. Also the dramatic influence of atomic transition openness on contrast of the resonance is revealed, that gives great advantage in comparison with cyclic atomic transitions. The obtained results can be interesting in high-resolution spectroscopy, nonlinear and magneto-optics.
We propose the effective and easy method for controlling a sign of narrow resonances of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA). These nonlinear resonances are the bright examples of the nonlinear effects based on the low-frequency atomic coherences. Here we explore the general light polarizations and various types of atomic transitions. For convenience we use the Hanle configuration for observing the EIT and EIA signals. The scheme is composed of two counterpropagating overlapped light waves with the same frequency and the static magnetic field applied along the cell. The sign of the resonance can be governed by varying either the angle between the polarizations or the ellipticity parameters. The calculations have shown that the sign-reversal effect exists for the dark-type atomic transitions as well as for the bright ones (i.e. F→F+1). We also give some analytical results and clear physical interpretation. Some of the theoretical conclusions have been proved by the experiments (D1-line in87Rb). Also, it should be specially mentioned that the method proposed can provide the high-contrast EIA resonances even in the presence of a buffer gas, when the collisional depolarization of the exited state takes place.
Using a 1 --> 2 transition as an analytically tractable model, we discuss in detail magneto-optical resonances of both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) types in the Hanle configuration. The analysis is made for an arbitrary rate of depolarizing collisions in the excited state and an arbitrary elliptical field polarization. The obtained results clearly show that the main reason for the EIA subnatural resonance is the spontaneous transfer of anisotropy from the excited level to the ground level. In the EIA case we predict the negative structures in the absorption resonance at large field detuning. The role of the finite atom-light interaction time is briefly discussed. In addition we study nontrivial peculiarities of the resonance line shape related to the velocity spread in a gas.
Nonlinear effects related to the resonant interaction of electromagnetic fields that act on four transitions of a five-level M scheme of atomic levels in the stationary limit are studied. Eight stationary solutions that depend on the state of circular polarizations of three operating classical modes of the field are found for the atomic density matrix. To decrease the absorption of the fields on the atomic transitions, the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency is used. The conditions under which the M scheme is close in its optical properties to two- or three-level schemes are found. Based on the obtained eight solutions, the total accumulated phase shifts of the working waves are calculated. It is shown that the M scheme can perform the operation of double controlled phase shift. Alternatively to the method proposed, this operation also can be carried out using five two-qubit operations, which reduces its noise immunity.