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Open Systems & Information Dynamics

Classical and Quantum Markov Processes Associated with q -Bessel Operators

Khadija Bessadok, Franco Fagnola, Skander Hachicha

Published Mar 1, 2020• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the fundamental properties of classical and quantum Markov processes generated by q-Bessel operators and their extension to the algebra of all bounded operators on the Hilbert space [Formula: see text]. In particular, we find a suitable generalized Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad representation for the infinitesimal generator of q-Bessel operator and show that both the classical and quantum Markov processes are transient for α > 0 and recurrent for α = 0. We also show that they do not admit invariant states and, moreover that the support projection of any initial state instantaneously fills the full space.

DOI
10.1142/s1230161220500055

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We study the fundamental properties of classical and quantum Markov processes generated by q-Bessel operators and their extension to the algebra of all bounded operators on the Hilbert space [Formula: see text]. In particular, we find a suitable generalized Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad representation for the infinitesimal generator of q-Bessel operator and show that both the classical and quantum Markov processes are transient for α > 0 and recurrent for α = 0. We also show that they do not admit invariant states and, moreover that the support projection of any initial state instantaneously fills the full space.
For a quantum Markov semigroup [Formula: see text] on the algebra [Formula: see text] with a faithful invariant state ρ, we can define an adjoint [Formula: see text] with respect to the scalar product determined by ρ. In this paper, we solve the open problems of characterizing adjoints [Formula: see text] that are also a quantum Markov semigroup and satisfy the detailed balance condition in terms of the operators H, Lk in the Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad representation [Formula: see text] of the generator of [Formula: see text]. We study the adjoint semigroup with respect to both scalar products 〈a, b〉 = tr (ρa*b) and 〈a, b〉 = tr (ρ1/2a*ρ1/2 b).
Abstract The convergence in probability of a sequence of iterations of independent random quantum dynamical semigroups to a Markov process describing the evolution of an open quantum system is studied. The statistical properties of the dynamics of open quantum systems with random generators of Markovian evolution are described in terms of the law of large numbers for operator-valued random processes. For compositions of independent random semigroups of completely positive operators, the convergence of mean values to a semigroup described by the Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad equation is established. Moreover, a sequence of random operator-valued functions with values in the set of operators without the infinite divisibility property is shown to converge in probability to an operator-valued function with values in the set of infinitely divisible operators.
The asymptotic dynamics of discrete quantum Markov chains generated by the most general physically relevant quantum operations is investigated. It is shown that it is confined to an attractor space in which the resulting quantum Markov chain is diagonalizable. A construction procedure of a basis of this attractor space and its associated dual basis of 1-forms is presented. It is applicable whenever a strictly positive quantum state exists which is contracted or left invariant by the generating quantum operation. Moreover, algebraic relations between the attractor space and Kraus operators involved in the definition of a quantum Markov chain are derived. This construction is not only expected to offer significant computational advantages in cases in which the dimension of the Hilbert space is large and the dimension of the attractor space is small, but it also sheds new light onto the relation between the asymptotic dynamics of discrete quantum Markov chains and fixed points of their generating quantum operations. Finally, we show that without any restriction our construction applies to all initial states whose support belongs to the so-called recurrent subspace.
We construct a quantum Markov semigroup on the von Neumann algebra B ( L 2 (ℝ + ;ℂ)) of all bounded operators on a Hilbert space L 2 (ℝ + ;ℂ) with the following property: the biggest *-subalgebra of B ( L 2 (ℝ + ;ℂ)) contained in the domain of the infinitesimal generator is not σ-weakly dense. Our semigroup is an extension of a classical Markov semigroup on L ∞ (ℝ + ;ℂ) with the same property. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Quantum Markov Semigroups (QMSs) originally arose in the study of the evolutions of irreversible open quantum systems. Mathematically, they are a generalization of classical Markov semigroups where the underlying function space is replaced by a non-commutative operator algebra. In the case when the QMS is uniformly continuous, theorems due to Lindblad \cite{lindblad}, Stinespring \cite{stinespring}, and Kraus \cite{kraus} imply that the generator of the semigroup has the form L(A)=∑n=1∞Vn∗AVn+GA+AG∗L(A)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}V_n^*AV_n +GA+AG^*L(A)=∑n=1∞​Vn∗​AVn​+GA+AG∗ where VnV_nVn​ and G are elements of the underlying operator algebra. In the present paper we investigate the form of the generators of QMSs which are not necessarily uniformly continuous and act on the bounded operators of a Hilbert space. We prove that the generators of such semigroups have forms that reflect the results of Lindblad and Stinespring. We also make some progress towards forms reflecting Kraus' result. Lastly we look at several examples to clarify our findings and verify that some of the unbounded operators we are using have dense domains.
Quantum Markov Semigroups (QMSs) originally arose in the study of the evolutions of irreversible open quantum systems. Mathematically, they are a generalization of classical Markov semigroups where the underlying function space is replaced by a non-commutative operator algebra. In the case when the QMS is uniformly continuous, theorems due to the works of Lindblad [Commun. Math. Phys. 48, 119-130 (1976)], Stinespring [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 6, 211-216 (1955)], and Kraus [Ann. Phys. 64, 311-335 (1970)] imply that the generator of the semigroup has the form L(A)=∑n=1∞Vn∗AVn+GA+AG∗, where Vn and G are elements of the underlying operator algebra. In the present paper, we investigate the form of the generators of QMSs which are not necessarily uniformly continuous and act on the bounded operators of a Hilbert space. We prove that the generators of such semigroups have forms that reflect the results of Lindblad and Stinespring. We also make some progress towards forms reflecting Kraus’ result. Finally, we look at several examples to clarify our findings and verify that some of the unbounded operators we are using have dense domains.