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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Enhanced measurement of microwave electric fields with collective Rabi splitting

Aihong Yang, Wenpeng Zhou, Shucai Zhao, Yan Xu, Fedor Jelezko, Yuxia Li, Yandong Peng

Published Apr 14, 2020• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The collective effects of intracavity Rydberg atoms are investigated and proposed to detect microwave (MW) electric (E) fields with collective Rabi splitting (CRS). When a cavity field drives atoms from ground states to their excited states and a control field further drives them to Rydberg states where a MW field couples Rydberg states, the cavity transmission exhibits a four-peak characteristic, and two side peaks represent the CRS. It is interesting to find that the frequency splitting of CRS changes linearly with the MW-field strength, which can be used to probe MW E-field strength. In the strong coupling regime, the collective effect of Rydberg atoms broadens the CRS peak distance and could improve the detection sensitivity by about 7 times under the given conditions, compared with the common electromagnetically induced transparency scheme. The effects of atomic density and control-field strength on the CRS spectrum are also discussed.

DOI
10.1364/josab.388154

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The collective effects of intracavity Rydberg atoms are investigated and proposed to detect microwave (MW) electric (E) fields with collective Rabi splitting (CRS). When a cavity field drives atoms from ground states to their excited states and a control field further drives them to Rydberg states where a MW field couples Rydberg states, the cavity transmission exhibits a four-peak characteristic, and two side peaks represent the CRS. It is interesting to find that the frequency splitting of CRS changes linearly with the MW-field strength, which can be used to probe MW E-field strength. In the strong coupling regime, the collective effect of Rydberg atoms broadens the CRS peak distance and could improve the detection sensitivity by about 7 times under the given conditions, compared with the common electromagnetically induced transparency scheme. The effects of atomic density and control-field strength on the CRS spectrum are also discussed.
An enhanced measurement of the microwave electric (MW E) field by using intracavity Rydberg atoms is proposed. Based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), the intracavity atomic system exhibits two EIT windows, resulting in two narrow peaks in the cavity transmission. The peak-to-peak distance is sensitive to MW fields and can be used to probe MW E-field strength. Simulation results show that the detectable minimum strength of the MW fields is nearly eight times smaller than that without a cavity. Due to cavity coupling, the transmission spectrum is greatly narrowed, which improves the measurement resolution substantially. The numerical results show that the spectrum resolution is increased by more than 20 times. Furthermore, the cavity-enhanced measurement scheme seems to be robust against the changes in the control field strength and shows a broadband tunability.
Abstract A scheme for measuring microwave (MW) electric (E) fields is proposed based on bichromatic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rydberg atoms. A bichromatic control field drives the excited state transition, whose absorption shows three EIT windows. When a MW field drives the Rydberg transition, the EIT windows split and six transmission peaks appear. It is interesting to find that the peak-to-peak distance of transmission spectrum is sensitive to the MW field strength, which can be used to measure MW E-field. Simulation results show that the measurement accuracy could be increased by about 4 times, and the minimum detectable strength of the MW E-field may be improved by about 3 times compared with the common EIT scheme. After the Doppler averaging, the minimum detectable MW E-field strength is about 5 times larger than that without Doppler effect. Also, we investigate other effects on the sensitivity of the system.
We report a scheme for enhancing microwave electric field measurement by cavity-assisted Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in the 87Rb coherent atomic system. The vacuum Rabi splitting appears when the probe field is strongly coupled with intracavity atoms. The cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency with dual-peak profile is observed as a strong coupling laser is further introduced into the optical ring cavity. The optimal atomic density, resulting in an appropriate vacuum Rabi splitting interval and cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency amplitude, is determined for the coupling effect criterion of the probe field and intracavity atoms. Finally, the cavity-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency is employed to accurately measure the microwave electric field strength, and a measurement sensitivity factor of about 2 is improved owing to an enhanced photon–atom interaction. This study is beneficial for the development of compact, broadband, and self-calibrating microwave receivers.
An active-Raman-gain (ARG) spectrum of Rydberg atoms is investigated and proposed to measure a microwave (MW) electric (E) field. A strong Raman field couples the ground-state transition with large frequency detuning, and a probe field drives the metastable transition, whose transmission shows a large gain. When a MW field couples the Rydberg transition, the gain peak splits. It is interesting to find that the frequency splitting of gain peaks shows a linear relationship with the MW-field strength, which can be used to measure the MW E field. Moreover, the ARG spectrum has a large peak value that is about 10 times larger than that of common electromagnetically induced transparency schemes. For weak MW fields, the Doppler effect will greatly narrow the gain spectrum if the probe and Raman fields copropagate through the atomic cell, which increases the probe sensitivity dramatically. After the Doppler averaging, the probe sensitivity is enhanced by about 10 times, and the linewidth is narrowed to 1/10 compared to the case without the Doppler effect.
A scheme for enhancing the measurement of microwave electric (MW E) fields based on a cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (CQED) system consisting of an optical resonator coupled with four-level cold Rydberg atoms is analyzed in the paper. The strong collective coupling of the CQED cavity compresses the linewidth of the electromagnetically induced transparency signal substantially, which can be used to enhance the measurement. Our simulation results show that the minimum detectable strength of MW E-field can be enhanced by 196.7 and 26.2 times smaller than the separate atomic medium scheme and the weak coupling scheme, respectively. The detectable minimum strength in the present work can reach as low as 396.5nVcm −1 . In addition, compared with the other two schemes, our work can increase the spectrum resolution respectively by about 216 and 10 times. The proposed scheme shows a broadband tunability and can be used in a broad detection range.
A scheme for the measurement of a microwave (MW) electric field is proposed via multi-photon coherence in Rydberg atoms. It is based on the three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA) spectrum. In this process, the multi-photon produces a narrow absorption peak, which has a larger magnitude than the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) peak under the same conditions. The TPEIA peak is sensitive to MW fields, and can be used to measure MW electric field strength. We found that the magnitude of TPEIA peaks shows a linear relationship with the MW field strength. The simulation results show that the minimum detectable strength of the MW fields is about 1/10 of that based on an common EIT effect, and the probe sensitivity could be improved by about four times. Furthermore, the MW sensing based on three-photon coherence seems to be robust against the changes in the control field and shows a broad tunability, and the scheme may be useful for designing novel MW sensing devices.