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Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Multiple-image authentication based on the single-pixel correlated imaging and multiple-level wavelet transform

Liansheng Sui, Zhang Liwen, Qiang Wang, Tian Ailing, Anand Asundi

Published Apr 5, 2020• 19 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106102

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Optical techniques have been widely studied for securing and validating information, which is one of the most important challenges of the present time. In this work, we study simultaneous authentication of multiple input encrypted images which have been multiplexed in a single plane. The interference-based encryption architecture is used to generate two phase masks for each distinct image, which would serve as the phase lock and the phase key. The phases are made sparse by randomly retaining few pixels of the phase values. The phase locks corresponding to different images are then multiplexed in a single plane. For authenticating the phase masks, the concept of nonlinear correlation has been applied, which offer better correlation peaks than the conventional joint transform correlators. The proposed idea aims to achieve simultaneous encryption and authentication of multiple images and overcomes the constraints of storage issue.
A multiple-image encryption method based on two-step phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) and spatial multiplexing of a smooth compressed signal is proposed. In the encoding and encryption process, with the help of four index matrices to store original pixel positions, all the pixels of four secret images are firstly reordered in an ascending order; then, the four reordered images are transformed by five-order Haar wavelet transform and performed sparseness operation. After Arnold transform and pixels sampling operation, one combined image can be grouped with the aid of compressive sensing (CS) and spatial multiplexing techniques. Finally, putting the combined image at the input plane of the PSI encryption scheme, only two interferograms ciphertexts can be obtained. During the decoding and decryption, utilizing all the secret key groups and index matrices keys, all the original secret images can be successfully decrypted by a wave-front retrieval algorithm of two-step PSI, spatial de-multiplexing, inverse Arnold transform, inverse discrete wavelet transform, and pixels reordering operation.
The quantum image encryption and authentication algorithm are proposed based on quantum affine transformation and quantum Haar wavelet transform. This algorithm is divided into two main steps: encryption and embedding. During the encryption phase, affine transform and Hénon map are combined to carry out scrambling-diffusion processing on the plaintext image. In the phase of embedding, the color carrier image undergoes decomposition using the quantum Haar wavelet transform. Then the ciphertext image information and identity information are hidden into the wavelet domain of the color carrier image, and the final transmitted image has visual significance. The suggested algorithm significantly minimizes the risk of image data compromise during transmission and realizes the dual security of encryption and authentication. The security and the robustness of the algorithm are analyzed by using the evaluation indexes of image encryption and information hiding. The findings indicate that the introduced algorithm offers superior security compared to alternative methods, ensuring a more dependable and safeguarded transmission of image data.