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Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications

Simultaneous authentication verification of multiple secured images using joint transform correlation approach

Naveen Kumar Nishchal, Areeba Fatima

Published Oct 9, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical techniques have been widely studied for securing and validating information, which is one of the most important challenges of the present time. In this work, we study simultaneous authentication of multiple input encrypted images which have been multiplexed in a single plane. The interference-based encryption architecture is used to generate two phase masks for each distinct image, which would serve as the phase lock and the phase key. The phases are made sparse by randomly retaining few pixels of the phase values. The phase locks corresponding to different images are then multiplexed in a single plane. For authenticating the phase masks, the concept of nonlinear correlation has been applied, which offer better correlation peaks than the conventional joint transform correlators. The proposed idea aims to achieve simultaneous encryption and authentication of multiple images and overcomes the constraints of storage issue.

DOI
10.1117/12.2325538

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Optical techniques have been widely studied for securing and validating information, which is one of the most important challenges of the present time. In this work, we study simultaneous authentication of multiple input encrypted images which have been multiplexed in a single plane. The interference-based encryption architecture is used to generate two phase masks for each distinct image, which would serve as the phase lock and the phase key. The phases are made sparse by randomly retaining few pixels of the phase values. The phase locks corresponding to different images are then multiplexed in a single plane. For authenticating the phase masks, the concept of nonlinear correlation has been applied, which offer better correlation peaks than the conventional joint transform correlators. The proposed idea aims to achieve simultaneous encryption and authentication of multiple images and overcomes the constraints of storage issue.
We propose an image encryption system based on phase mask multiplexing and photon counting imaging (PCI) technique for multiple image authentications and digital hologram security. Multiple images to be authenticated are converted into phase-only images using a phase-retrieval algorithm in fractional Fourier transform domain. The multiple phase-only images are multiplexed into a single phase-only mask and it is further encrypted into a complex-valued function. The photon-limited image is generated by applying the PCI technique to a complex-valued function. For decryption, the photon-limited decrypted images are obtained after applying the appropriate keys. The photon-limited decrypted image contains sufficient information for verification because this image has sparse representation. To verify the photon-limited decrypted image, the optical correlation filters can be used. The proposed system has also been used for hologram security. For hologram security, the system provides multiple layers of security by hiding multiple encrypted images. The computer simulation results have been presented. The authentication scheme has been tested for securing three-dimensional information through experimentally recorded Fresnel digital hologram.
Joint-transform correlator (JTC) architecture presents some advantages, such as no requirement of interferometric recording of the phase distribution or complex conjugation of the key phase mask, in order to optically implement the well-known double random phase encryption (DRPE) method. In addition, a practical optical realization was proposed in a way that the whole information (primary image and two random phase masks) was easily introduced in the same input plane of the JTC system. However, poor image quality was obtained in the decryption stage. Cryptanalysis of JTC-based encryption systems demonstrated that they were vulnerable to certain intruder attacks, similarly to the original DRPE method. In this work, we review recent modifications of encryption algorithms based on JTC architecture that permit, on the one hand, to significantly increase the quality of the retrieved image after information decryption, and on the other hand, to achieve a high security level against a variety of system attacks. The modifications, which were firstly introduced in the Fourier-based JTC system, have been also adapted to be used in the Fresnel and Fractional Fourier domains as well as in the Gyrator domain. Nonlinear operations have been also introduced in multifactor encryption-authentication.
A simultaneous optical triple-image encryption and verification method based on sparse information strategy was proposed. The information of the encoded images could be integrated into a sparse representation. Only sparse (partial) data from the encrypted information were adopted for verification process. In sparse strategy, the partial data was extracted from the encrypted distribution. For complex-valued distribution, the sparse strategy was applied to the amplitude; thus, only the sparse amplitude pixels kept the phase data for verification process. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively facilitate optical information transmission and storage, as only part of the encrypted information was adopted. In addition, the simultaneous encryption and authentication verification of three images was achieved. The results proved that the proposed method was feasible and effective, and can provide an additional security layer for optical security systems. Moreover, the method that demonstrated secure optical triple-image can lead to a high flexibility and variety compared to that of photon counting technique which required a specific device.
We report a novel optical method of interference-based multiple-image encryption and authentication via lateral shift multiplexing and sparsification. We encode multiple original images into two ciphertexts only containing partial information of the multiple images when the secret key generated randomly is laterally movable within a predefined interval, and we analytically derive the two other keys of each original image. Information discrimination for each original image as well as its silhouette is still prohibited in spite of the utilization of one, two, three, or even four masks for decryption. The three secret keys of each original image significantly improve the security of the proposed method, and binary amplitude masks are included in the decryption and authentication procedure. Moreover, the proposed scheme completely eliminates the cross-talk problem and destroys any high correlation between the plaintexts and ciphertexts. Numerical simulations are executed to prove the effectiveness and security of this scheme.
We propose a novel optical information encryption and authentication scheme that uses asymmetric keys generated by the phase-truncation approach and the phase-retrieval algorithm. Multiple images bonded with random phase masks are Fourier transformed, and obtained spectra are amplitude- and phase-truncated. The phase-truncated spectra are encoded into a single random intensity image using the phase-retrieval algorithm. Unlike most of the authentication schemes, in this study, only one encrypted reference image is required for verification of multiple secured images. The conventional double random phase encoding and correlation techniques are employed for authentication verification. Computer simulation results and theoretical explanation prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
In this paper, an improved multiple-image authentication based on optical interference by wavelength multiplexing is proposed, which has high security and easy optical implementation. The Fresnel spectra of original images are diffracted from the same axial position but by different wavelengths, which makes the optical implementation easy and stable without any mechanical translation. Then, the Fresnel spectra are sparsely sampled by predesigned binary amplitude masks and diffracted again, and all spectra are multiplexed into one synthetized spectrum. Finally, the synthetized spectrum is analytically decomposed into one phase-only mask and one amplitude-only mask by an improved interference-based encryption (IBE) scheme. Benefiting from the wavelength multiplexing, the encryption capacity is enlarged, and the optical implementation for decryption becomes easy. With the aid of the sparse sampling, every decrypted image could be entirely unrecognizable but authenticated by nonlinear correlation. Moreover, instead of a conventional IBE, an improved IBE is used in this scheme, which can attenuate the information leakage and further enhance the security. Various numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this scheme.