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International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI)

Design of Automated Polarization based on EDU-QCRY 1

Carensy Donabela, M. Azza Ulin Nuha, Rini Wisnu Wardhani, Mohamad Syahral, Dion Ogi, Dedy Septono Catur Putranto

Published Dec 1, 2019• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Polarization Automation based on EDU-QCRY 1 is a system designed to facilitate the use of EDU-QCRY 1 devices in simulation of sending Quantum Bit (Qubit). Polarization automation utilizes quantum mechanical properties on the EDU QCRY 1 device, which will produce bits through polarization automation on the EDU-QCRY 1 quantum polarizator device. Polarization rotation will be done automatically and randomly using an ultrasonic piezomotor device that receives random voltage input on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The random voltage input is based on a random source from the accelerometer sensor. The measurement results of the accelerometer sensor will be processed and converted into voltage as input to perform automatic and random polarization rotations on the EDU QCRY polariator device. Furthermore, the automatic polarization results will produce a series of numbers that run on the principle of anti-cloning and quantum mechanical properties.

DOI
10.1109/isriti48646.2019.9034608

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Polarization Automation based on EDU-QCRY 1 is a system designed to facilitate the use of EDU-QCRY 1 devices in simulation of sending Quantum Bit (Qubit). Polarization automation utilizes quantum mechanical properties on the EDU QCRY 1 device, which will produce bits through polarization automation on the EDU-QCRY 1 quantum polarizator device. Polarization rotation will be done automatically and randomly using an ultrasonic piezomotor device that receives random voltage input on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The random voltage input is based on a random source from the accelerometer sensor. The measurement results of the accelerometer sensor will be processed and converted into voltage as input to perform automatic and random polarization rotations on the EDU QCRY polariator device. Furthermore, the automatic polarization results will produce a series of numbers that run on the principle of anti-cloning and quantum mechanical properties.
Quantum cryptography learning is now more important as the threats toward secure communication system using quantum computing are increasing. EDU-QCRY is one of the quantum cryptography demonstration devices which implements BB84 protocol. EDU-QCRY is still run manually that make it has limited data processing capacity, large operating time, and low-level accuracy. In this study, automation is done by parallelizing the process of selecting bases and states on the polarization rotator and integrating an Arduino-based controller module using demultiplexing techniques. EDU-QCRYI automation changes the process to be more efficient and effective because the system works automatically by a controller module based on qubit data that is inputted by the sender and the receiver gets qubit data automatically. EDU-QCRYI automation is expected to make demonstration of secure communication using Quantum cryptography more reliable for implementation.
A nonintrusive technique to continuously control random polarization rotations for quantum communications is proposed. It allows an automatic control of the random polarization rotations that photons suffer during their propagation inside standard fibers, without the use of additional classical signals and hardware. The polarization control method is based on a rigorous and efficient estimation of the quantum bit error rate, derived from the Clopper-Pearson confidence interval for a binomial distribution. A system of frames with control and data qubits is employed. The number of control qubits in each frame is optimized in real time in order to minimize the system overhead.
In this paper we propose and validate an algorithm for the automatic and deterministic state of polarization (SOP) generation, with direct application in polarization-encoded quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. The proposed SOP generation algorithm uses an electronic polarization controller (EPC), whose active elements entail the concatenation of several fiber-squeezing-based waveplates. Initially, we carry out a characterization of the waveplates. After that, we present in detail the working principle of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is experimentally assessed through the calculation of the quantum bit error rate (QBER), where an Arduino Due is used to control the different waveplates of the EPC. The QBER was measured for periods of 4 hours and 10 hours when generating two or four SOPs, respectively, with an overall average QBER value of 2%. Results show the potential of the proposed method regarding the generation of automatic and deterministic SOPs, thus demonstrating viability for its practical implementation in polarization-encoding QKD systems.
Quantum cryptographic systems use quantum mechanical concepts that are based on qubit superposition of states, and on the no cloning or no copying theorem to establish unbreakable cipher keys. Using optical communications the most commonly quantum mechanical property used is the polarization state of photon. However, in most quantum cryptographic algorithms a random polarization state is required. In this case, the random number generator should not be publically known, and it should be preferably reproducible. A naturally reproducible RNG can be produced using chaos functions. In this paper we review a quantum key distribution algorithm and chaos functions as RNGs. We then describe how chaos functions can be used in quantum key establishment and also a method that requires substantially fewer bits in the stream to establish the key and also a faster method.
We present the design and experimental implementation of a compact high-voltage driver tailored for multi-wave-plate electro-optical polarization controllers (EPC) in polarization-based DV-QKD subsystems. The driver is capable of deriving a 140 Vppoutput swing per wave-plate, supports modulation bandwidths up to 7.5MHz, with 10mV resolution, and incorporates per-channel Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) monitoring for real-time feedback. A two-stage architecture, with a low-voltage pre-amplification stage followed by a high-voltage output stage, is used with the input being provided by a 16-channel FMC216 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) board, connected to Xilinx Zynq FPGA. Electrical characterization shows that both rise times (∼30ns) and maximum stable square-wave frequency, up to 7.5 MHz, improve as the input Vppincreases, with output gain scaling linearly with input amplitude. Optical testing demonstrates reliable polarization state stability and speed. By enabling fast, precise State of Polarization (SOP) control without bulky stabilization hardware, our driver significantly simplifies the design of polarization-encoded QKD transmitters and receivers, paving the way toward cost-effective, high-rate quantum communications.
Silicon-based polarization-encoding quantum key distribution (QKD) has been widely studied, owing to its low cost and robustness. However, prior studies have utilized off-chip devices to demodulate the quantum states or perform polarization compensation, given the difficulty of fabricating polarized independent components on the chip. In this paper, we propose a fully chip-based decoder for polarization-encoding QKD. The chip realizes a polarization state analyzer and compensates for the BB84 protocol without requiring additional hardware. It is based on a polarization-to-path conversion method that uses a polarization splitter-rotator. The chip was fabricated using a standard silicon photonics foundry; it has a compact design and is suitable for mass production. In the experimental stability test, an average quantum bit error rate of 0.56%0.56\%0.56% was achieved through continuous operation for 10 h without any polarization feedback. Furthermore, using the developed feedback algorithm, the chip enabled the automatic compensation of the fiber polarization drift, which was emulated by a random fiber polarization scrambler. In the case of the QKD demonstration, we obtained a finite-key secret rate of 240 bps over a fiber spool of 100 km. This study represents an important step toward the integrated, practical, and large-scale deployment of QKD systems.