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Electronics

A Cooperative Jamming Technique to Protect a Two-User Broadcast Channel with Confidential Messages and an External Eavesdropper

Gustavo Anjos, Daniel Castanheira, Adão Silva, Atílio Gameiro

Published Mar 18, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work addresses the security of a two-user broadcast channel. The challenge of protecting a broadcast channel is associated with the necessity of securing the system, not only against eavesdropping attacks originating from external nodes, but also to ensure that the inside users do not eavesdrop on each other’s information. To address this issue, the present work proposes a cooperative jamming scheme that provides protection against eavesdropping attacks carried out simultaneously by inside users and external eavesdroppers. To achieve this goal, the developed scheme combines real interference alignment with a blind cooperative jamming technique defined in the literature. An information theoretical analysis shows that positive secure degrees of freedom are achievable using the proposed solution.

DOI
10.3390/electronics9030496

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This work addresses the security of a two-user broadcast channel. The challenge of protecting a broadcast channel is associated with the necessity of securing the system, not only against eavesdropping attacks originating from external nodes, but also to ensure that the inside users do not eavesdrop on each other’s information. To address this issue, the present work proposes a cooperative jamming scheme that provides protection against eavesdropping attacks carried out simultaneously by inside users and external eavesdroppers. To achieve this goal, the developed scheme combines real interference alignment with a blind cooperative jamming technique defined in the literature. An information theoretical analysis shows that positive secure degrees of freedom are achievable using the proposed solution.
This work considers a time-varying Rayleigh block fading broadcast channel formed by two users and an eavesdropper, external to the legitimate network. One of the users is the legitimate/trusted user and the other an untrusted user. The transmitter uses superposition coding to broadcast information to both users. The aim is to ensure the confidentiality of the legitimate user information against the untrusted user and eavesdropper. To satisfy these secrecy constraints, this work proposes an innovative secure channel-training method applied to a cooperative jamming scenario. The jammer uses interference alignment to achieve secrecy against the untrusted user; meanwhile, the developed channel-training method is designed exploiting the time-varying nature of the channel to extend the system secrecy also to the external eavesdropper. An information theoretical evaluation of the proposed scheme demonstrates that (1/4, 1/4) positive secure degrees of freedom are achievable in the presence of both untrusted users and external eavesdroppers.
The broadcast nature of wireless communications makes the propagation medium vulnerable to security attacks such as eavesdropping and jamming from adversarial or unauthorized users. Applying physical layer secrecy approaches will enable the exchange of confidential messages over a wireless medium in the presence of unauthorized eavesdroppers, without using any secret keys. However, physical layer security approaches are typically feasible only when the source-eavesdropper channel is weaker than the source-destination channel. Cooperative jamming can be used to overcome this challenge and increase the secrecy rate. In this paper, the security of two-phase relaying system with multiple intermediate nodes and in the presence of an eavesdropper is investigated. To enhance the system secrecy rate, a joint cooperative beamforming and jamming combined with relay and jammer selections is proposed. In phase I, the source node broadcasts a signal to relays while three intermediate nodes (which act as jammers) help the source node by transmitting random jamming signals to confuse the eavesdropper. Since the friendly (cooperative) jammers create interference for both the intended relays and the eavesdropper, optimal beamforming is applied such that no interference is caused at two preselected desired relays (that are going to receive the confidential massage in phase I). In phase II, two preselected relays transmit the source message with beamforming coefficients such that the received signal at the eavesdropper is completely nulled out. Our goal in this paper is to minimize the received SNR at the eavesdropper while increasing it at the destination as much as possible by applying different methods such as cooperative beamforming, cooperative jamming and relay selection. To avoid operational complexity, we consider the minimum number of intermediate nodes that are necessary without losing the performance. Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of our proposed scheme compared with the scheme with no cooperative jamming.
The secrecy challenge of protecting a power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is associated with the intrinsic superposition structure of the transmitted information. Because of this superposition operation, the interference generated by the other user's information must be first decoded by the receiver in order to allow the intended information to be acquired. Therefore, a robust secrecy solution for this type of channel access techniques must consider not only the existence of attacks coming from undetectable passive eavesdroppers located outside of the network, but also attacks carried out by eavesdroppers registered as legitimate users inside the system. In this work, a cooperative jamming technique is combined with a secure channel training solution in order to protect a two user power domain NOMA system against eavesdropping attacks coming simultaneously from inside and outside of the network. The proposed secrecy solution is evaluated numerically and the evaluation demonstrates that weak secrecy is achieved against the inside and outside eavesdroppers.
In this paper, we investigate secure two-user AF relaying networks based on a destination assisted cooperative jamming (DACJ). We consider two sources, one destination, one eavesdropper and multiple amplify-and-forwards (AF) relays. In the first time slot, each source broadcasts the information signal to the relays. In order to protect the source message from being eavesdropped, the destination simultaneously transmits a jamming signal to each relay. The selected relay amplifies and forwards the combined signal to the destination and eavesdropper. We introduce reactive relay selection and power allocation to decrease the power consumption. Closed-form expressions for lower bound of ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) are provided. Numerical results are presented to verify the exactness of the proposed mathematical analysis.
Physical layer security has been recognised as a promising technique to realise secure wireless communications. A novel interference masking approach is proposed for secure broadcast scenarios. Specifically, when there is an external jamming node, precoding matrices at the source and jammer are carefully designed to ensure that each destination can detect only its own message, and not the information intended for other destinations which is masked with artificial noise. When there is no external jamming node, interference masking is implemented through user cooperation, in which destinations switch roles from jammer to relay nodes during different time slots. Both analytical and numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approaches.
Interference alignment (IA) networks seem secure, due to the fact that signals from the legitimate network may act as interference to disrupt the external eavesdropping. However, when some users inside the network are cooperating to eavesdrop one certain user, it will not be secure any longer. Thus, we concentrate on the eavesdropping attacks in this paper, and propose a novel collusive eavesdropping scheme (CES) in a K- user IA network, where one of the users is eavesdropped by an eavesdropper with the aid of the other (K - 2) cooperators. To perform the passive eavesdropping without being noticed by the targeted user, the precoding and decoding matrices of the eavesdropper and cooperators are re-designed, and some of the cooperators should sacrifice their own quality of transmission to help the eavesdropper meet the feasibility condition. Extensive simulation results are provided to show the eavesdropping effectiveness of the proposed CES in IA networks.