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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Measurements of the Rydberg Transition Energies for the n1S0 State and the Ionization Potential for 40Ca Atoms

Boris B. Zelener, Sergey A. Saakyan, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, E V Vilshanskaya, B. V. Zelener, Vladimir E. Fortov

Published Dec 1, 2019• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two-photon spectroscopy has been applied to measure the Rydberg transition energies in the n 1 S 0 state of 40 Ca atoms at n = 40–120. The ionization potential determined from these experimental data is 49305.91966(4) cm −1 . Using the frequency-doubled radiation and fundamental radiation from a diode laser, the frequencies of two-photon transitions to Rydberg states with the principal quantum numbers of 75 and 76 have been measured simultaneously with the frequencies of resonances of saturated absorption in a rubidium vapor cell. The chosen transition frequencies for rubidium atoms are known with high accuracy. Such frequency references make it possible to improve the accuracy of determination of the Rydberg transition energies in 40 Ca atoms.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364019240093

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Two-photon spectroscopy has been applied to measure the Rydberg transition energies in the n 1 S 0 state of 40 Ca atoms at n = 40–120. The ionization potential determined from these experimental data is 49305.91966(4) cm −1 . Using the frequency-doubled radiation and fundamental radiation from a diode laser, the frequencies of two-photon transitions to Rydberg states with the principal quantum numbers of 75 and 76 have been measured simultaneously with the frequencies of resonances of saturated absorption in a rubidium vapor cell. The chosen transition frequencies for rubidium atoms are known with high accuracy. Such frequency references make it possible to improve the accuracy of determination of the Rydberg transition energies in 40 Ca atoms.
We used a tunable cw dye laser to observe Doppler-free two-photon transitions to alkali-atom Rydberg levels. Real-time signals were obtained in an ionization cell of appropriate construction. The two-photon transition wavelengths to rubidium s levels were measured up to n = 50 with better than 1 x 10(-7) absolute accuracy and can be represented to within the experimental precision by a simple function of the principal quantum number, Other related transitions and future possibilities are considered.
The spectra of highly excited 40 Ca atoms prepared using a magneto-optical trap and an ultraviolet laser are experimentally studied. The dependence of the atomic density in the magneto-optical trap on the detuning frequency of cooling radiation and on the magnetic field gradient is determined. By using the technique based on the reduction of resonance fluorescence, the energy of the 76 1 S 0 Rydberg state for 40 Ca atoms is determined. A new scheme for stabilization of the laser frequency to create highly excited Rydberg atoms is demonstrated. This scheme employs the saturated absorption spectrum in a cell with rubidium atomic gas.
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We demonstrate a single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy of cesium (Cs) atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell. Cs atoms are excited directly from 6S1/2 ground state to nP3/2 (n = 70 - 100) Rydberg states with a 318.6 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser,and Rydberg excitation spectra are obtained by transmission enhancement of a probe beam resonant to Cs 6S1/2, F = 4 - 6P3/2, F' = 5 transition as partial population on F = 4 ground state are transferred to Rydberg state .Analysis reveals that the observed spectra are velocity-selective spectroscopy of Rydberg state, from which the amplitude and linewidth influenced by lasers'Rabi frequency have been investigated. Fitting to energies of Cs nP3/2 (n = 70 -100) states, the determined quantum defect is 3.56671(42). The demodulated spectra can also be employed as frequency references to stabilize the UV laser frequency to specific Cs Rydberg transition.
We report the measurement of the absolute transition frequencies of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms to the nP1/2n{P}_{1/2}nP1/2​ (n=34−−52n=34--52n=34−−52) and nP3/2n{P}_{3/2}nP3/2​ (n=34−−90n=34--90n=34−−90) Rydberg states by performing single-photon Rydberg excitation spectroscopy in a vapor cell. Rydberg transitions were detected by monitoring the transmission of a 780-nm probe beam. Based on the spectroscopic data, we determined the fine-splitting intervals and oscillator-strength ratios of the nPnPnP doublets and also extracted the quantum defects and ionization frequency. These results extend the spectroscopic information of the nPnPnP Rydberg series, providing basic knowledge for further applications to Rydberg atoms.