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Optical and Quantum Electronics

High resolution laser spectroscopy of spatially restricted hot alkali atomic and dimer vapor

Petko Todorov, T. A. Vartanyan, C. Andreeva, David G. Sarkisyan, Goran Pichler, S. Cartaleva

Published Feb 25, 2020• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11082-020-2258-1

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We demonstrate a simple technique for microwave field imaging using alkali atoms in a vapor cell. The microwave field to be measured drives Rabi oscillations on atomic hyperfine transitions, which are detected in a spatially resolved way using a laser beam and a camera. Our vapor cell geometry enables single-shot recording of two-dimensional microwave field images with 350 μm spatial resolution. Using microfabricated vapor cell arrays, a resolution of a few micrometers seems feasible. All vector components of the microwave magnetic field can be imaged. Our apparatus is simple and compact and does not require cryogenics or ultra-high vacuum.
We propose a novel use of an optical cell of micrometer thickness filled with Cs vapor in view of studying the collisions between two different alkali atoms of strongly different densities. We demonstrate narrow and good-contrast sub-Doppler resonances at the Rb D 2 line for a mean-free-path of the Cs atoms comparable to the optical cell longitudinal dimension; the resonances are completely destroyed when the mean-free-path of the Cs atoms is more than two orders of magnitude shorter than the longitudinal dimension of the thin cell.
Recent advances in laser cooling techniques have made possible a new type of spectroscopy. In the first experiments of this kind alkali atoms are laser cooled to temperatures around 1 mK and trapped, using laser fields, at densities around 1011 cm−3. Atoms colliding under such ultracold conditions can be resonantly photoassociated to bound states of the dimer molecules. These molecules can in turn be photoionized, providing a sensitive detection of the photoassociation spectrum and revealing in extremely high resolution the structure of the dimer molecules. The particular advantages of this technique include high resolution and signal‐to‐noise and the ability to reach extremely long range states of the molecule, accessible only through such slow collisions.