There are many evidences in Quantum Mechanics about the existence of de Broglie waves: the two-slit experiment, self interference when a particle can follow two or more paths that converge, etc.There is not direct evidence of its existence because we use exclusively particle detectors.This paper presents a new evidence of the existence of de Broglie waves grounded in the action reaction principle.The action reaction principle is a fundamental ingredient of Physics: when two systems interact both change of state (i.e., they depart from the free, isolated evolution path in the phase space).A simple experiment using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is analysed.A representation of the evolution in the phase space for different cases (isolated system and interaction with a detector) is shown.By applying the action reaction principle we show that some subsystem, different from the corpuscular photon, must follow one arm of the interferometer when we can infer that the photon follows the other arm.There cannot be interaction between the photodetector in one arm and the photon following the other arm.This new subsystem would be a distributed de Broglie wave.
There are many evidences in Quantum Mechanics about the existence of de Broglie waves: the two-slit experiment, self interference when a particle can follow two or more paths that converge, etc.There is not direct evidence of its existence because we use exclusively particle detectors.This paper presents a new evidence of the existence of de Broglie waves grounded in the action reaction principle.The action reaction principle is a fundamental ingredient of Physics: when two systems interact both change of state (i.e., they depart from the free, isolated evolution path in the phase space).A simple experiment using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is analysed.A representation of the evolution in the phase space for different cases (isolated system and interaction with a detector) is shown.By applying the action reaction principle we show that some subsystem, different from the corpuscular photon, must follow one arm of the interferometer when we can infer that the photon follows the other arm.There cannot be interaction between the photodetector in one arm and the photon following the other arm.This new subsystem would be a distributed de Broglie wave.
A very simple (therefore strong) argument, grounded in the action reaction principle, predicts the existence of isolated quantum, de Broglie waves.In this article I propose an experimental set up able to detect these quantum waves.As far as quantum waves are associated to any kind of elementary particles, massive or massless, charged or neutral, etc., its character is probably gravitational, i.e., they are micro-gravitational waves.The quantum wave is isolated when a particle can follow two (or more) alternative paths which later on can rejoin and interfere.We know that the corpuscular particle follows one path while the wave follows both.This wave could perturb a laser beam, and this perturbation could be detected in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
The action reaction principle (ARP), a fundamental ingredient of Physics, is taken for granted, because it is automatically fulfilled along the ordinary Hamiltonian, classical or quantum, time evolution law. But in quantum mechanics, there is an extraordinary evolution law, the projection of state rule along quantum measurements, which is not Hamiltonian. Consequently, the ARP is not automatically fulfilled along quantum measurements, and it must be checked case by case. Surprisingly, very simple quantum measurements, both theoretical processes and experiments, show an apparent violation of the ARP, so that the hidden reaction must be found. In the analyzed experiment, the ARP is restored if some new system, the quantum or de Broglie wave, exists and locally interacts with the detector. There cannot be interaction at a spatial distance between the particle (photon or electron) and the obstacle‐detector.
The wave particle duality is one of the less intuitive properties of Quantum Mechanics.Under some particular experimental circumstances, when corpuscular systems can follow two alternative paths which later on rejoin and superpose, some wave like interference happens.If one of the paths is blocked the wave like behaviour disappears.As the particle arrives to the final position we can infer it has followed the free path, and therefore it is always spatially separated of the blocking system and there is not local interaction between them.The simplest hypothesis is that a third element, a physical wave, allows an indirect interaction between particle and blocking system, a de Broglie wave.A simple mathematical model, extension of General Relativity, shows how this indirect interaction can happen, mediated by gravity.
In this paper we discuss a recent double-slit experiment where which-path information is obtained without disturbing the photons in their path to the detector, and, as a consequence, an interference pattern is observed on the far screen even if it is known which slit the photons go through. We argue that this result is in clear contradiction with a fundamental principle in orthodox quantum mechanics – Bohr’s complementarity principle – and also point out that, on the other hand, the results of this experiment are the expected ones in the framework of de Broglie’s pilot wave theory
Abstract. It is shown that a solitary quantum system (photon, electron) when passing through two open slits could interfere because of the real de Broglie’s wave which “guide ” the particle to well-defined directions. A comparison between classical waves and particle waves can show the essential differences in the interpretations of interference phenomenon of the particles known up to now. New experiments are proposed which could distinguish between the classical electromagnetic waves and the photon-solitons. These experiments are simple, effective and decisive because they can change our understanding of nature. PACS number: 03.65.Ta 1
The action reaction principle is violated in the standard formulation of Quantum Mechanics, so that its phase space is incomplete. Moreover, projection of state of a quantum system under indirect measurement, when there are alternative virtual paths and one of them is discarded by negative detection implies, according to the action reaction principle, a reaction on the detector, although its macroscopic state does not change. If all interactions are local, mediated by fields with relativistically causal evolution, some system, different from the particle which follows another path, must locally interact with the detector. Relativistic locality and the action reaction principle predict the existence of de Broglie fields. A formulation of Quantum Mechanics in extended Hilbert spaces is presented, in which kinematic and dynamical representations of physical magnitudes are distinguished.