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OALib

How to Detect Quantum (de Broglie) Waves

Carlos López

Published Jan 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A very simple (therefore strong) argument, grounded in the action reaction principle, predicts the existence of isolated quantum, de Broglie waves.In this article I propose an experimental set up able to detect these quantum waves.As far as quantum waves are associated to any kind of elementary particles, massive or massless, charged or neutral, etc., its character is probably gravitational, i.e., they are micro-gravitational waves.The quantum wave is isolated when a particle can follow two (or more) alternative paths which later on can rejoin and interfere.We know that the corpuscular particle follows one path while the wave follows both.This wave could perturb a laser beam, and this perturbation could be detected in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

DOI
10.4236/oalib.1106741

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A very simple (therefore strong) argument, grounded in the action reaction principle, predicts the existence of isolated quantum, de Broglie waves.In this article I propose an experimental set up able to detect these quantum waves.As far as quantum waves are associated to any kind of elementary particles, massive or massless, charged or neutral, etc., its character is probably gravitational, i.e., they are micro-gravitational waves.The quantum wave is isolated when a particle can follow two (or more) alternative paths which later on can rejoin and interfere.We know that the corpuscular particle follows one path while the wave follows both.This wave could perturb a laser beam, and this perturbation could be detected in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
There are many evidences in Quantum Mechanics about the existence of de Broglie waves: the two-slit experiment, self interference when a particle can follow two or more paths that converge, etc.There is not direct evidence of its existence because we use exclusively particle detectors.This paper presents a new evidence of the existence of de Broglie waves grounded in the action reaction principle.The action reaction principle is a fundamental ingredient of Physics: when two systems interact both change of state (i.e., they depart from the free, isolated evolution path in the phase space).A simple experiment using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is analysed.A representation of the evolution in the phase space for different cases (isolated system and interaction with a detector) is shown.By applying the action reaction principle we show that some subsystem, different from the corpuscular photon, must follow one arm of the interferometer when we can infer that the photon follows the other arm.There cannot be interaction between the photodetector in one arm and the photon following the other arm.This new subsystem would be a distributed de Broglie wave.
The wave particle duality is one of the less intuitive properties of Quantum Mechanics.Under some particular experimental circumstances, when corpuscular systems can follow two alternative paths which later on rejoin and superpose, some wave like interference happens.If one of the paths is blocked the wave like behaviour disappears.As the particle arrives to the final position we can infer it has followed the free path, and therefore it is always spatially separated of the blocking system and there is not local interaction between them.The simplest hypothesis is that a third element, a physical wave, allows an indirect interaction between particle and blocking system, a de Broglie wave.A simple mathematical model, extension of General Relativity, shows how this indirect interaction can happen, mediated by gravity.
Abstract The possibility of interferometry with atoms follows directly from wave particle duality. The wave-like propagation of particles, such as atoms, means that they undergo interference and diffraction in an analogous way to light. This chapter explains how such matter waves have been used in interferometers that measure rotation and gravitational acceler ation to a precision comparable with the best optical instruments. As in many important developments in physics, atom interferometry relies on simple principles-the first part of this chapter uses only elementary optics and the de Broglie relation.
It is well known that the double-slit experiment, under proper conditions, reveals the wave nature of both light and quantum particles like electrons. The wave nature of quantum particles is demonstrated by assuming plane or spherical de Broglie waves to be associated with quantum particles. In this article we deduce the wave nature of material particles starting with proper quantum mechanical amplitudes for propagation as arrived at in the path integral formulation. The classical particle limit of the interference pattern follows right away along the same lines as the corpuscular limit follows from wave optics.
Among the revolutionary predictions of Einstein’s theory of general relativity is the existence of gravitational waves, which are perturbations in the fabric of spacetime that travel at the speed of light. The first indirect evidence pointing to their existence came from the observation of the Hulse-Taylor pulsar in 1974[4]. More recently, gravitational wave observatories like the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo have been built with the purpose of detecting gravitational waves (GW) directly, providing not only further evidence in support of general relativity, but also a whole new way of viewing the cosmos. The strain produced by a passing gravitational wave (namely, the relative change in the length of the matter a gravitational wave passes through) is so small that the best sensitivity achieved by the detectors has not produced a positive detection as of today. With a clear understanding that there should be gravitational waves, scientists are working on improving the sensitivity of the detectors to increase the likelihood of a detection. One of the main sources of noise for the next generation gravitational wave detectors, such as advanced LIGO, is shot noise. Shot noise dominates the noise spectrum above a few hundred Hz. This noise is due to uncertainties in quantum statistics, according to the generalized uncertainty principle. There are two ways to reduce the shot noise. The first way is to increase the intensity of the