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Advances in intelligent systems and computing

Quantum Key Sharing Protocol Using GHZ Like States in Multiparty Scheme

Nazma Banu, Prasun Ghosal

Published Jan 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-15-2449-3_43

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We present two schemes for multiparty quantum remote secret conference in which each legitimate conferee can read out securely the secret message announced by another, but a vicious eavesdropper can get nothing about it. The first one is based on the same key shared efficiently and securely by all the parties with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and each conferee sends his secret message to the others with one-time pad crypto-system. The other one is based on quantum encryption with a quantum key, a sequence of GHZ states shared among all the conferees and used repeatedly after confirming their security. Both these schemes are optimal as their intrinsic efficiency for qubits approaches the maximal value.
A multiparty quantum secret report scheme is proposed with quantum encryption. The boss Alice and her M agents first share a sequence of ( M +1)-particle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states that only Alice knows which state each ( M +1)-particle quantum system is in. Each agent exploits a controlled-not (CNot) gate to encrypt the travelling particle by using the particle in the GHZ state as the control qubit. The boss Alice decrypts the travelling particle with a CNot gate after performing a σ x operation on her particle in the GHZ state or not. After the GHZ states (the quantum key) are used up, the parties check whether there is a vicious eavesdropper, say Eve, monitoring the quantum line, by picking out some samples from the GHZ states shared and measuring them with two measuring bases. After confirming the security of the quantum key, they use the remaining GHZ states repeatedly for the next round of quantum communication. This scheme has the advantage of high intrinsic efficiency for the qubits and total efficiency.
Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state is an essential resource in quantum processing. We propose multiparty measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol based on a fuzzy GHZ state analyzer, which is composed of linear optical components. Our scheme requires only N detectors and N − 1 polarizing beam splitters to realize an N-party MDI-QKD network. From numerical simulations, the security communication distance is improved to 300 km, and key rate is determined to be higher than 10 − 14. Compared with the previous work, our scheme needs less optical components and detectors, is easier to extend more users, and narrows the gap between theory and practice in multiparty MDI-QKD network.