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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Nonlinear Fabry-Perot characteristics of a thin film near the TIR state

I. C. Khoo, Y.J. Hou, Steven M. Shepard, Ping Yan

Published Jan 1, 1983• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The electrodynamic and nonlinear optical properties of an interface between two media, one of which is nonlinear, have been studied in the context of optical switching and bistability. In this paper we consider the case in which a thin-film nonlinear material is sandwiched between two higher-index dielectric media; i.e., there are two interfaces. For an optical beam incident near the total internal re- flection state the large reflectivity of the two inter- faces gives rise to Fabry-Perot transmission/re- flection. This together with the nonlinear phase shift that can be induced in the thin film makes it possible for the system to perform switching and bistable operations.

DOI
10.1364/cleo.1983.wc3

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The electrodynamic and nonlinear optical properties of an interface between two media, one of which is nonlinear, have been studied in the context of optical switching and bistability. In this paper we consider the case in which a thin-film nonlinear material is sandwiched between two higher-index dielectric media; i.e., there are two interfaces. For an optical beam incident near the total internal re- flection state the large reflectivity of the two inter- faces gives rise to Fabry-Perot transmission/re- flection. This together with the nonlinear phase shift that can be induced in the thin film makes it possible for the system to perform switching and bistable operations.
A nonlinear thin film bounded by two dielectric media could act as an optical switching and bistability device, owing to two physical mechanisms at work near the total internal reflection state. One is the simple intensity-dependent index change induced by the finite optical field in the film before transmission occurs, and the other is the nonlinear Fabry-Perot interference associated with the high reflectivities at the two interfaces when transmission takes place. We present a detailed theory for these two mechanisms and for the case in which the nonlinearity is also nonlocal (e.g., in a liquid-crystal film). The results for multiple switchings and hysteresis hold in general for any nonlinear thin film.
The reflection of light at the interface between linear and nonlinear media can provide fundamentally novel nonlinear effects such as nonlinear switching from total internal reflection to partial transmission, bleaching of the interface, and bistability. The nonlinear interface is the simplest switching and bistable optical device. Unlike bistable Fabry-Perot resonators, it allows one to use broadband sources of light and remove resonant restrictions on frequency tuning, and offers potentials to attain high operating speed. Experimental demonstration of those effects shows good agreement with some of the predictions of plane-wave theory. Some of the experimental results as well as computer simulation, however, show a new feature of the phenomenon which requires further exploration.
In this paper we consider the nonlinear Fabry-Perot and its applications to optical signal and image processing. This paper addresses the signal processing aspects of a nonlinear Fabry-Perot interferometer with emphasis on image processing. The device geometry is shown in Figure 1. A thin nonlinear medium, whose refractive index is a function of the light intensity inside the Fabry-Perot is sandwiched between two plane parallel mirrors. The output as a function of input is shown in Fig. 2, for two different values of the difference between the Fabry-Perot low intensity resonance and the incident wavelength. The bistable curve in 2a is the origin of the term optical bistability and makes possible an optical memory, in which the output is a function of the history of the device. The Figure 2b represents a typical nonlinear transfer curve which may be used for signal processing. It can be seen that small changes in the input intensity Ic make large changes in the output intensity.
We study the nonlinear optical bistability and multistability of a nonlinear ferroelectric (FE) Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer assumed coated with partial dielectric mirrors on its interfaces. The FE material is considered to have an intensity-dependent refractive index where the third order nonlinear susceptibility χ ilmn (3) acts like Kerr coefficient. The nonlinear response of the FE medium is modeled by the Landau-Khalatnikov (LK) dynamical equation. Within a single frequency approximation, the nonlinear wave equation is written in terms of polarization P rather than the electric field E as the dependent variable. The resulting nonlinear polarization equation is numerically integrated across the FP film using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The behavior of the resulting polarization and transmission as a function of the field input intensity is investigated.