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Facta universitatis - series Physics Chemistry and Technology

Electromagnetically induced transparency in a rectangular quantum dot on a single electron

Vladan Pavlovic, Zeljko Laic, Ljiljana Stevanović, Nikola Filipovic

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we investigated the realization of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a rectangular quantum dot (QD) with a single electron in the presence of probe and control laser fields. The lowest three levels of the confined electron that form ladder and V configuration were chosen. We discussed the dependence of density matrix elements for ladder configuration and for V configuration on detunings of the probe field for various values of quantum dot dimensions. This dependence is discussed for both cases, at cryogenic temperatures when spontaneous emission dominates the relaxation mechanism and at room or higher temperatures when dephasing rate cannot be neglected.

DOI
10.2298/fupct1902131p

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In this paper, we investigated the realization of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a rectangular quantum dot (QD) with a single electron in the presence of probe and control laser fields. The lowest three levels of the confined electron that form ladder and V configuration were chosen. We discussed the dependence of density matrix elements for ladder configuration and for V configuration on detunings of the probe field for various values of quantum dot dimensions. This dependence is discussed for both cases, at cryogenic temperatures when spontaneous emission dominates the relaxation mechanism and at room or higher temperatures when dephasing rate cannot be neglected.
In this work, the ground and low-lying excited states in a GaAs coupled quantum dot-ring embedded in an AlGaAs cylindrical matrix are computed under the assumption of a finite confinement potential and an axisymmetric model by means of the finite element method and the effective mass approximation. The electron energy levels are studied as functions of the intensity of externally applied electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetically induced transparency in the ladder configuration and linear optical absorption coefficient are calculated thereupon. Our results suggest that magnetic fields are more suitable than electric fields for controlling the optical properties of this nanostructure. Also, we found that the system's response, however, exhibits a striking asymmetry: while the electromagnetically induced transparency is unexpectedly quenched under positive electric fields due to vanishing dipole transition matrix elements, this limitation is completely overcome by a magnetic field. Its application not only restores optical transparency across the full range of electric field values but also drives substantially larger energy level shifts and clear Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, making it a far more robust tool for controlling the optical properties of confined electrons in dot-ring coupled heterostructures.
In this paper, effect of the control and probe lasers polarization on generation of the double windows of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and also on absorption coefficient in a W-type GaAs cylindrical quantum dot (QD) with parabolic potential are investigated. The Schrodinger equation is solved in method of effective mass. Dependence of EIT and absorption coefficient on radius and height of cylindrical QD, in the different polarization of the probe and control lasers are also investigated.
We numerically investigate the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a hybrid system consisting of a three-level quantum dot (QD) in the vicinity of vanadium dioxide nanoparticle (VO2NP). VO2NP has semiconductor and metallic phases where the transition between the two phases occurs around a critical temperature. When the QD-VO2NP hybrid system interacts with continuous wave laser fields in an infrared regime, it supports a coherent coupling of exciton–polariton and exciton–plasmon polariton in semiconductor and metal phases of VO2NP, respectively. In our calculations a filling fraction factor controls the VO2NP phase transition. A probe and control laser field configuration is studied for the hybrid system to measure the absorption of QD through the filling fraction factor manipulations. We show that for the VO2NP semiconductor phase and proper geometrical configuration, the absorption spectrum profile of the QD represents an EIT with two peaks and a clear minimum. These two peaks merge to one through the VO2NP phase transition to metal. We also show that the absorption spectrum profile is modified by different orientations of the laser fields with the axis of the QD-VO2NP hybrid system. The innovation in comparison to other research in the field is that robust variation in the absorption profile through EIT is due to the phase transition in VO2NP without any structural change in the QD-VO2NP hybrid system. Our results can be employed to design nanothermal sensors, optical nanoswitches, and energy transfer devices.
We discuss the features of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a ladder-type three-level atom-cavity system. It is shown that the presence of the strong pump field leads to the appearance of two additional windows. Meanwhile, the dispersion profiles are also modified. A steep dispersion appears in each reflection peak. The position of these windows depends on the values of the detuning Delta(2) of the control field. Moreover, it is viable to create the gain profiles when the cavity detuning Delta(c) not equal 0.
Abstract This paper presents the dynamics of Kerr nonlinearity and the phenomenon of slow group velocity in a Quantum Dot (QD) system, using the mechanism of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Employing a three-level QD setup and leveraging a ladder-type excitation approach, we analyse the interaction between a weak probe pulse and a strong control beam. By employing density matrix formalism, we derive the expressions for both linear and nonlinear optical susceptibilities, along with first-order linear dispersion terms. Our findings reveal that susceptibilities in the QD system, both linear and nonlinear, can be finely adjusted to desired probe frequencies through control parameter manipulation. Moreover, under the EIT regime, we observe the Kerr susceptibility on the order of 10−12 m2 V2 at a probe wavelength 1.359 μm. Additionally, the group velocity of the probe field experiences a remarkable slowdown by a factor of 103 compared to the speed of light in vacuum. Results obtained may have potential applications in fabricating nonlinear optical devices.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in five-level atomic systems is theoretically investigated for three representative configurations: M-, inverted-Y, and K-type systems driven by a weak probe field and three control laser fields. The different coupling schemes produce different quantum interference pathways and two-photon resonance conditions, leading to markedly different EIT spectra. The M-type configuration exhibits one, two, and three well-resolved transparency windows as successive control fields are introduced. In contrast, the inverted-Y configuration produces broader transparency windows because of the overlap of multiple interference channels, whereas the K-type configuration exhibits only a single EIT window when all control fields are resonant. Multiple transparency windows in the K-type system appear after introducing appropriate coupling-field detunings. Doppler broadening at room temperature significantly broadens the absorption spectrum and reduces the transparency depth, while preserving the number and positions of the EIT windows. These results demonstrate that the coupling scheme plays an important role in determining the formation and evolution of multi-window EIT spectra and identify the characteristics of the three five-level configurations for multi-channel quantum-optical applications, as well as for the experimental observation of EIT spectra in five-level configurations.