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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Spacing-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency with two nuclear ensembles inside an x-ray planar cavity

Xin‐Chao Huang, Zi-Ru Ma, Xiangjin Kong, W. B. Li, Lin‐Fan Zhu

Published Jan 13, 2020• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The x-ray planar cavity embedded in two nuclear ensembles at node and antinode positions with fixed spacing has been used to study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect previously. In this work, the same x-ray planar cavity but with a flexible spacing configuration is studied theoretically. By developing a concise transfer matrix method, the changing of spacing is reflected conveniently as the phase shift of the propagation matrices, based on which the system can be solved analytically. A periodic characteristic as a function of the spacing is observed, i.e., the first nuclear ensemble locating at any node will result in an EIT effect while the EIT effect will be completely compressed when it is at any antinode. It indicates that the phase shift between the two nuclear ensembles plays a key role for the coupling field. This kind of phase manipulation will enrich the approaches of quantum control in the x-ray regime.

DOI
10.1364/josab.377328

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The x-ray planar cavity embedded in two nuclear ensembles at node and antinode positions with fixed spacing has been used to study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect previously. In this work, the same x-ray planar cavity but with a flexible spacing configuration is studied theoretically. By developing a concise transfer matrix method, the changing of spacing is reflected conveniently as the phase shift of the propagation matrices, based on which the system can be solved analytically. A periodic characteristic as a function of the spacing is observed, i.e., the first nuclear ensemble locating at any node will result in an EIT effect while the EIT effect will be completely compressed when it is at any antinode. It indicates that the phase shift between the two nuclear ensembles plays a key role for the coupling field. This kind of phase manipulation will enrich the approaches of quantum control in the x-ray regime.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can greatly reduce the group velocity of light, which has extensive applications in optical sensing, optical storage, etc, and it has been widely studied in visible and microwave wavelengths. In the X-ray regime, EIT was realized in an X-ray thin-film planar cavity, while the detection of the transparency window in the reflection direction is not easy. Due to the interference between the bare cavity reflection and the nuclear resonance, the spectral line profile can be manipulated by adjusting the phases and amplitudes of different channels. By varying the thickness of the top layer, we demonstrate that in the X-ray regime, the spectral line can be transformed from a dip to a peak at the resonant window while maintaining the slow light effect. The slow light ability is evaluated by calculating the group velocity, the interaction strength, and the clarification of EIT and Autler Townes splitting (ATS). As the interaction strength increases, the X-ray cavity transitions from EIT to EIT-ATS crossover regime, which is consistent with the variation of group velocity. The present work would facilitate the detection of slow X-ray light using the cavity system and be helpful for the EIT and ATS clarification studies.
We study the spectra of collective low excitations of two atomic ensembles which couple with a single-mode cavity field. When the left ensemble is driven with an external optical field, its corresponding response spectrum to the incident optical light shows an electromagnetically-induced-transparency--like (EIT-like) phenomenon when the layers are arranged in the sequence of node antinode but not in the sequence of antinode node. In the case of antinode-antinode sequence, the response spectrum shows an EIT-like phenomenon with two transparent windows. We also investigate the fluctuation spectra of the atomic collective excitation modes and show similar EIT-like phenomena.
Abstract The narrow nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes constitute almost ideal two‐level systems to study cooperative effects in the interaction of x‐rays with matter. Embedding an ensemble of resonant Mössbauer nuclei into a planar cavity facilitates the excitation of superradiant oscillatory eigenmodes via pulses of synchrotron radiation. These modes exhibit a large collective Lamb shift that can be controlled via the excitation conditions and the cavity geometry. Cooperative emission in connection with the radiative coupling of two resonant ensembles in a cavity leads to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This contribution gives a review on cooperative effects in nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation. Special emphasis is given to the basic principles of recent experiments that led to the observation of the collective Lamb shift and EIT with nuclear resonances in the regime of hard x‐rays.
We experimentally investigate a cavity in which two resonant meta-atoms are embedded. Its corresponding response spectrum to an incident microwave shows an electromagnetically-induced-transparency--like (EIT-like) phenomenon when the meta-atoms are arranged in the sequence node-antinode but not in the sequence antinode-node. We carry out in situ measurements of the cavity field to bring physical insight into this asymmetric response, and use the transfer matrix method joined with coupled-mode theory to give a quantitative analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the unidirectional EIT-like behavior in a two-port design. Our results may benefit novel nonreciprocal devices in the future by exploring the nonlinearity of the meta-atoms with this asymmetric arrangement.
As one of the typical quantum coherence phenomena, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been extensively applied to implement various quantum coherent manipulations, typically, e.g., optical quantum memories, photonic switches, and optical quantum computations, etc. By applying the input-output theory to the photonic transports through two cavities dispersively coupled by an artificial two-level atomic ensemble, we show here that the EIT-like effects could be observed. Particularly, the transparency windows and phase shift spectra of the transmitting photons could be engineered by manipulating the atomic levels in the ensemble to adjust the effective coupling strength between the cavities. As a consequence, the group delays of the transmitting photons can be manipulated by using the EIT-like effects. The proposal is demonstrated specifically with the experimental superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators coupled by the voltage-biased electrons on liquid Helium.
This thesis is dedicated to the study of collective effects of nuclei in single xray photon superradiance. To this end we investigate aspects of superradiance in both nuclear forward scattering and in thin-film cavities with an embedded 57Fe nuclear layer. A general theoretical framework is developed to investigate a single-photon cooperative emission from a cloud of resonant systems, atoms or nuclei, in the presence of magnetic hyperfine splitting. In the limit of a thick sample, we present our results for two means to coherently control the collective single x-ray photon emission in nuclear forward scattering. In the limit of a thin sample in a thin-film cavity with embedded resonant nuclei, we find out that unlike the magnetic hyperfine splitting of a single atom or nucleus, interesting collective effects may occur which modify the hyperfine level structure. In addition, for a certain parameter regime a spectrum reminiscent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be achieved. Based on this EIT-like effect, a theoretical control mechanism for stopping x-ray pulses in the thin-film x-ray cavity is put forward. Finally, we show theoretically that for the case of two nuclear ensembles in the thin-film cavity, pseudo-Rabi splitting due to the strong coupling between the two layers should occur. The latter findings are confirmed by preliminary experimental data.