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Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

Measurement of the polarization‐ and orientation‐dependent scalar, vector, and tensor light shifts in 87Rb using the near‐resonant, stimulated Raman spectroscopy

Qingqing Hu, Qian Wang, Yukun Luo, Ying‐Ying Li, Mingxiang Ma, Fufang Xu, Jun Jie Yang, Rong Wei

Published Jan 14, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present the polarization‐ and orientation‐dependent characteristics of the differential light shifts (DLSs) in 87Rb using the near‐resonant, stimulated Raman spectroscopy with an atomic fountain clock. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the Raman resonant frequencies would shift sinusoidally as the rotation of the laser's polarization vector due to the polarization‐dependent vector and tensor DLSs, and the total DLS is counteracted in some elliptically polarized laser configurations. What is more, this paper provides an alternative method to measure the effective magnetic field vector and the absolute scalar, vector, and tensor (SVT) DLSs and to verify the theoretically calculated SVT dynamical polarizabilities. These results will facilitate the evaluation and elimination of the light shift‐related systemic errors in the atomic optics‐based quantum sensors, including the atomic magnetometer, atomic interferometer, atomic clock, and quantum register.

DOI
10.1002/jrs.5821

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Abstract We present the polarization‐ and orientation‐dependent characteristics of the differential light shifts (DLSs) in 87Rb using the near‐resonant, stimulated Raman spectroscopy with an atomic fountain clock. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the Raman resonant frequencies would shift sinusoidally as the rotation of the laser's polarization vector due to the polarization‐dependent vector and tensor DLSs, and the total DLS is counteracted in some elliptically polarized laser configurations. What is more, this paper provides an alternative method to measure the effective magnetic field vector and the absolute scalar, vector, and tensor (SVT) DLSs and to verify the theoretically calculated SVT dynamical polarizabilities. These results will facilitate the evaluation and elimination of the light shift‐related systemic errors in the atomic optics‐based quantum sensors, including the atomic magnetometer, atomic interferometer, atomic clock, and quantum register.
Abstract We theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated the sinusoidal shifts of the 87Rb atom Raman transition frequencies as the polarization vectors of the Raman lasers rotate. We also presented the vanish of the differential light shifts for the magnetic sensitive Raman transitions at some elliptically polarized configurations while no vanish for the magnetic insensitive Raman transition. These results are helpful for the evaluation and elimination of the light shifts induced systemic errors in the atomic magnetometer, atomic interferometer, atomic clock and quantum computing.
We present the derivation of the frequency-dependent scalar, vector, and tensor dynamical polarizabilities for the two hyperfine levels of the 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atom 5s5s5s ground state. Based on the characterization of the dynamical polarizabilities, we analyze and measure the differential vector and tensor light shift between the 5s5s5s ground-state sublevels with near-resonant, stimulated Raman transitions. These results clarify that the tensor polarizabilities for the ground states of alkali atoms are absent when the light field is far detuned from the atomic resonance and the total electronic angular momentum JJJ is a good quantum number. In the near-resonant case, the light shifts are nontrivial and the determination of the frequency-dependent vector and tensor dynamic polarizabilities will help to achieve higher fidelities for applications of neutral atoms in quantum information and precision measurements.
We employ doubly resonant two-photon excitation into the 74S74S74S Rydberg state to spectroscopically measure the dynamic scalar polarizability, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$, and tensor polarizability, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$, of rubidium 5P3/25{P}_{3/2}5P3/2​. A cavity-generated 1064-nm optical lattice allows us to reach intensities near $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$, where the atom field is larger than the hyperfine interaction, and magnetic sublevels are well resolved. In the evaluation of the data we use a self-referencing method that renders the polarizability measurement largely free from the intensity calibration of the laser light field. We obtain experimental values ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}=\ensuremath{-}1149(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5%)$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}=563(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.2%)$, in atomic units. Methods and results are supported by simulations. The results provide an experimental test of atomic-structure calculations used to determine systematic shifts in atomic clocks and to interpret fundamental-physics experiments.
We demonstrate that when laser light is circularly polarized and properly detuned, the ac Stark shift of an alkali-metal atom in its ground state takes the form of a pure Zeeman shift. The condition is satisfied when the laser frequency is between the D1D1D1 and D2D2D2 transition frequencies, with the size of the detuning from the D2D2D2 resonance twice that from the D1D1D1 resonance. The direction of the effective magnetic field is along the laser propagation axis, and its magnitude is proportional to the vector polarizability of the atom and to the laser intensity. We use stimulated Raman spectroscopy on an optically pumped slow atomic beam from a magneto-optical trap to measure the vector polarizability and saturated absorption spectroscopy to show that the scalar polarizability vanishes at the particular detuning.
Vector field measurement is demonstrated with an all-optical scalar atomic magnetometer using intrinsic parameters related to its scalar operation. The Bell-Bloom type atomic magnetometer measures the Larmor precession of cesium atoms through on-resonant absorption of a probe beam. While the AC component of the probe signal is used for the field magnitude measurement, the probe DC signal contains information about the polar angle, defined as the angle between the magnetic field and the probe beam. Additional polar angle information is obtained from the light-shift-induced magnetic field caused by the frequency modulation of the probe beam. With a measurement time of 100 ms, better than 0.02° sensitivity has been achieved using a commercial miniaturized sensor at the optimal sensor orientation. The angle measurement accuracy is checked against an optical encoder over the entire polar angle range of 0°–180°. Better than 1° error is recorded over most set polar angles. Azimuthal angle measurement is also exhibited with two orthogonally oriented sensors.
Vector field measurement is demonstrated with an all-optical scalar atomic magnetometer using intrinsic parameters related to its scalar operation. The Bell-Bloom type atomic magnetometer measures the Larmor precession of cesium atoms through on-resonant absorption of a probe beam. While the AC component of the probe signal is used for the field magnitude measurement, the probe DC signal contains information about the polar angle, defined as the angle between the magnetic field and the probe beam. Additional polar angle information is obtained from the light-shift-induced magnetic field caused by the frequency modulation of the probe beam. With a measurement time of 100 milliseconds, better than 0.02 degree sensitivity has been achieved using a commercial miniaturized sensor at the optimal sensor orientation. The angle measurement accuracy is checked against an optical encoder over the entire polar angle range of 0 to 180 degrees. Better than 1 degree error is recorded over most set polar angles. Azimuthal angle measurement is also exhibited with an additional orthogonally oriented sensor.