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IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering

Observing the Polarization Dependent Light Shifts Using an Atom Fountain

Qingqing Hu, Qian Wang, Yukun Luo, Fufang Xu, Wei Jiang, Rong Wei

Published Mar 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated the sinusoidal shifts of the 87Rb atom Raman transition frequencies as the polarization vectors of the Raman lasers rotate. We also presented the vanish of the differential light shifts for the magnetic sensitive Raman transitions at some elliptically polarized configurations while no vanish for the magnetic insensitive Raman transition. These results are helpful for the evaluation and elimination of the light shifts induced systemic errors in the atomic magnetometer, atomic interferometer, atomic clock and quantum computing.

DOI
10.1088/1757-899x/799/1/012018

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arXiv:1706.08149•Physical Review A•Sep 12, 2017•14 citations
Abstract We theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated the sinusoidal shifts of the 87Rb atom Raman transition frequencies as the polarization vectors of the Raman lasers rotate. We also presented the vanish of the differential light shifts for the magnetic sensitive Raman transitions at some elliptically polarized configurations while no vanish for the magnetic insensitive Raman transition. These results are helpful for the evaluation and elimination of the light shifts induced systemic errors in the atomic magnetometer, atomic interferometer, atomic clock and quantum computing.
Abstract We present the polarization‐ and orientation‐dependent characteristics of the differential light shifts (DLSs) in 87Rb using the near‐resonant, stimulated Raman spectroscopy with an atomic fountain clock. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the Raman resonant frequencies would shift sinusoidally as the rotation of the laser's polarization vector due to the polarization‐dependent vector and tensor DLSs, and the total DLS is counteracted in some elliptically polarized laser configurations. What is more, this paper provides an alternative method to measure the effective magnetic field vector and the absolute scalar, vector, and tensor (SVT) DLSs and to verify the theoretically calculated SVT dynamical polarizabilities. These results will facilitate the evaluation and elimination of the light shift‐related systemic errors in the atomic optics‐based quantum sensors, including the atomic magnetometer, atomic interferometer, atomic clock, and quantum register.
We present our experimental investigation of an optical Raman transition between the magnetic clock states of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb in an atom chip magnetic trap. The transfer of atomic population is induced by a pair of diode lasers which couple the two clock states off-resonantly to an intermediate state manifold. This transition is subject to destructive interference of two excitation paths, which leads to a reduction of the effective two-photon Rabi frequency. Furthermore, we find that the transition frequency is highly sensitive to the intensity ratio of the diode lasers. Our results are well described in terms of light shifts in the multilevel structure of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. The differential light shifts vanish at an optimal intensity ratio, which we observe as a narrowing of the transition linewidth. We also observe the temporal dynamics of the population transfer and find good agreement with a model based on the system's master equation and a Gaussian laser beam profile. Finally, we identify several sources of decoherence in our system, and discuss possible improvements.
Abstract In NMOR magnetometers, we choose the linear polarized light to pump atoms, and the polarization state is the key factor affecting the evolution of alkali metal atoms. However, polarization errors are introduced due to the refraction of the glass surfaces of the cell and the imperfection of optical devices, which causes the actual laser light to be elliptically polarized. In this paper, the optical ellipticity for this system is accurately measured by the π transition principle first. Then, the magnetic resonance signals under different ellipticity are investigated theoretically and experimentally, and the atomic polarization state is visualized. The results show that the optical ellipticity error introduced by the system will reduce the measurement accuracy and sensitivity of the system, and it is meaningful to use high extinction ratio optical devices and introduce the quarter-wave plate to offset the circularly polarized components.
The light-induced frequency shift due to hyperpolarizability (i.e., terms of second-order in intensity) is studied for a forbidden optical transition, J = 0 --> J = 0. A simple universal dependence on the field ellipticity is obtained. This result allows minimization of the second-order light shift with respect to the field polarization for optical lattices operating at a magic wavelength (at which the first-order shift vanishes). We show the possibility for the existence of a magic elliptical polarization, for which the second-order frequency shift vanishes. The optimal polarization of the lattice field can be either linear, circular, or magic elliptical. The obtained results could improve the accuracy of lattice-based atomic clocks.
We present the derivation of the frequency-dependent scalar, vector, and tensor dynamical polarizabilities for the two hyperfine levels of the 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atom 5s5s5s ground state. Based on the characterization of the dynamical polarizabilities, we analyze and measure the differential vector and tensor light shift between the 5s5s5s ground-state sublevels with near-resonant, stimulated Raman transitions. These results clarify that the tensor polarizabilities for the ground states of alkali atoms are absent when the light field is far detuned from the atomic resonance and the total electronic angular momentum JJJ is a good quantum number. In the near-resonant case, the light shifts are nontrivial and the determination of the frequency-dependent vector and tensor dynamic polarizabilities will help to achieve higher fidelities for applications of neutral atoms in quantum information and precision measurements.
A precise, accurate, and relatively straightforward in situ method to measure and control the ellipticity of light resonantly interacting with an atomic vapor is described. The technique can be used to minimize vector light shifts. The method involves measurement of ellipticity-induced resonances in the magnetic-field dependence of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation of frequency-modulated light. The light propagation direction is orthogonal to the applied magnetic field B\mathbf{B}B and the major axis of the light polarization ellipse is along B\mathbf{B}B. When the light modulation frequency matches the Larmor frequency, elliptically polarized light produces a precessing atomic spin orientation transverse to B\mathbf{B}B via synchronous optical pumping. The precessing spin orientation causes optical rotation oscillating at the Larmor frequency by modulating the atomic vapor's circular birefringence. Based on this technique's precision, in situ nature (which avoids systematic errors arising from optical interfaces) and independent control of the most important systematic errors, it is shown that the accuracy of light ellipticity measurements achievable with this technique can exceed that of existing methods by orders of magnitude.