Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

CRC Press eBooks

Quantization of Radar Theory

Maged Marghany

Published Oct 8, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This chapter is devoted to quantize the radar. In other words, the quantum radar is introduced to obtain a new view of the radar theory. Indeed, microwave photons were quantized in the earlier chapters. In this regard, the radar theory which is based on the scattering theory can be tackled from the point of view of the quantum mechanics. This chapter attempts to answer this question in the form of the mathematical equations. In doing so, the Entangled quantum is introduced to understand the radar theory in the view of a quantum mechanics. This chapter also delivers the radar quantum equation. The new concept of the quantum radar illumination is also proposed.

DOI
10.1201/9780429052965-5

Related papers

Study of the entanglement Rate Influence in a Quantum Illumination Radar Scheme: Information Theory Approach

Sylvain Borderieux, Arnaud Coatanhay, Ali Khenchaf

The conventional radar theory relies on the classical electromagnetic wave theory to run. On the contrary, a quantum radar will relie on the quantum mechanic theory to run. A quantum radar that uses the quantum illumination based on photon entanglement enables to get a better detection sensitivity. In this paper, we highlight the influence of the propagation environment on the quantum illumination radar scheme. Our approach consists in describing the quantum information evolution inside the radar and the entanglement rate with a mathematical parameter which represents the interaction strength of the propagation medium on the quantum system used by the radar.

IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications•Nov 15, 2021•0 citations

Quantization of Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Field

Maged Marghany

There is no gap between Maxwell’s equations and quantum mechanics. However, it is required to understand the relationship between quantum mechanics, Maxwell’s equations and applied remote sensing especially microwave remote sensing. This chapter attempts to deliver a wide understanding of Maxwell’s equations from the point of view of quantum mechanics. In fact, recent advanced computing tools are reconstructed based on quantum computing. In the next chapters, quantum algorithms will be implemented for automatic detection of the oil spill in radar images.

CRC Press eBooks•Oct 8, 2019•0 citations

Formulation and Analysis of the Quantum Radar Cross Section

Matthew J. Brandsema

In radar, the amount of returns that an object sends back to the receiver after being struck by an electromagnetic wave is characterized by what is known as the radar cross section, denoted by � typically. There are many mechanisms that affect how much radiation is reflected back in the receiver direction, such as reflectivity, physical contours and dimensions, attenuation properties of the materials, projected cross sectional area and so on. All of these characteristics are lumped together in a single value of �, which has units of m2. Stealth aircrafts for example are designed to minimize its radar cross section and return the smallest amount of radiation possible in the receiver direction. A new concept has been introduced called quantum radar, that uses correlated quantum states of photons as well as the unique properties of quantum mechanics to ascertain information on a target at a distance. At the time of writing this dissertation, quantum radar is very much in its infancy. There still exist fundamental questions about the feasibility of its implementation, especially in the microwave spectrum. However, what has been theoretically determined, is that quantum radar has a fundamental advantage over classical radar in terms of resolution and returns in certain regimes. Analogous to the classical radar cross section (CRCS), the concept of the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) has been introduced. This quantity measures how “large” an object looks to a quantum radar be describing how a single photon, or small cluster of photons scatter off of a macroscopic target. Preliminary simulations of the basic quantum radar cross section equation have yielded promising results showing an advantage in sidelobe response in comparison to the classical RCS. This document expands upon this idea by providing insight as to where this advantage expanding upon the theory. The expanded theory presented in this document includes re-deriving the QRCS formula to be a general bistatic formula, as the current equation is only valid for monostatic radar geometries. This re-derivation process also leads to the addition of terms that capture the effect of photon polarization, something that is not properly taken into account in the current literature. Most importantly, a new formulation of the QRCS formula will be derived that includes writing the equation in terms of Fourier transforms. This has a profound impact on the analysis of the theory of the QRCS as it allows for the derivation of closed form solutions of certain geometries, something that has never been possible due to the form of the current QRCS equation. All together, this document will provide a complete and general theory of the QRCS. After deriving the necessary equations, there will be extensive work in the utilization of these equations in deriving geometry dependent responses and comparing the closed form solutions to the classical solutions as well as comparing the solutions to the numerical simulations. The current literature relies exclusively on numerical simulations…

•Jan 1, 2017•27 citations

Quantum Mechanics in Remote Sensing: Theoretical Perspectives

Maged Marghany

This chapter delivers a novel explanation quantized theory behind remote sensing. In this perspective, the quantized of Maxwell's Equations are addressed. This chapter also addressed a new definition of remote sensing. Needless to say, remote sensing is the quantum information amassed from any object on the ground or space owing to the reflection or backscattering of photons, which is a function of the quantum mechanical properties of every object's atoms. In this understanding, different object atoms would interact with photons, i.e., absorption and emission as a function of their different wavelengths and frequencies under circumstances of the uncertain principle of Heisbenger. This new definition of remote sensing delivers a new era of quantum image processing to obtain accurate information about the universe. The uncertainty of conventional remote sensing image processing could be issued owing to conventional computing techniques which are based on the classical computer system i.e. bit. It is also understanding quantum remote sensing technology based on Marghany's [ 33 ] definition, many mysteries in atmospheric turbulence can be tackled. In this regard, the next chapter will deliver answers to the mysteries of the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) impacts on the ionospheric layer.

CRC Press eBooks•Sep 11, 2024•0 citations

The Performance Analysis of Quantum Illumination Radar

Huifang Li, Kai Wang, Kaibin Wang +1 more

Quantum radar based on the mechanism of quantum physics and the quantum information is a new sensing technology that was developed to solve technology bottleneck of classic radar. Especially, The Quantum illumination based on entanglement light beam could overcome noise and information loss. In this paper, the principle of quantum radar is introduced in detail, and the quantum illumination radar scheme using entangled photons is discussed. Then, target detection method based on entangled photons is given, and simulation results are showed. Finally, it is demonstrated by experiments that the performance of entangled photon detection system is superior to non-entangled photon detection system in a noisy and lossy environment, and the targets appear to look bigger when looked with low photon number.

International Conference on Network and Information Systems for Computers (ICNISC)•Apr 1, 2016•0 citations

Study on Quantum Radars for Space Applications

Pallavi U Sharma, Balamati Choudhury, Rajeshwari Hegde

The need for improved and reduced integration time for detection in radars has led researchers to develop quantum radars. Quantum Radars use the concepts of quantum mechanics, like quantum entanglement and quantum illumination to give enhanced results in detection with reduced integration time. Quantum Radars have found applications in various fields like - aerospace, biomedical imaging, and civilian. This paper primarily focuses on the novel design of a quantum antenna that is capable of simulating the phenomena of quantum entanglement. It also gives a concise idea about Quantum radars by providing a comparison to the classical radars and a simple simulation of a quantum antenna that can be used to create the phenomena of quantum entanglement.

IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS)•Feb 29, 2024•1 citation
This chapter is devoted to quantize the radar. In other words, the quantum radar is introduced to obtain a new view of the radar theory. Indeed, microwave photons were quantized in the earlier chapters. In this regard, the radar theory which is based on the scattering theory can be tackled from the point of view of the quantum mechanics. This chapter attempts to answer this question in the form of the mathematical equations. In doing so, the Entangled quantum is introduced to understand the radar theory in the view of a quantum mechanics. This chapter also delivers the radar quantum equation. The new concept of the quantum radar illumination is also proposed.
The conventional radar theory relies on the classical electromagnetic wave theory to run. On the contrary, a quantum radar will relie on the quantum mechanic theory to run. A quantum radar that uses the quantum illumination based on photon entanglement enables to get a better detection sensitivity. In this paper, we highlight the influence of the propagation environment on the quantum illumination radar scheme. Our approach consists in describing the quantum information evolution inside the radar and the entanglement rate with a mathematical parameter which represents the interaction strength of the propagation medium on the quantum system used by the radar.
There is no gap between Maxwell’s equations and quantum mechanics. However, it is required to understand the relationship between quantum mechanics, Maxwell’s equations and applied remote sensing especially microwave remote sensing. This chapter attempts to deliver a wide understanding of Maxwell’s equations from the point of view of quantum mechanics. In fact, recent advanced computing tools are reconstructed based on quantum computing. In the next chapters, quantum algorithms will be implemented for automatic detection of the oil spill in radar images.
In radar, the amount of returns that an object sends back to the receiver after being struck by an electromagnetic wave is characterized by what is known as the radar cross section, denoted by � typically. There are many mechanisms that affect how much radiation is reflected back in the receiver direction, such as reflectivity, physical contours and dimensions, attenuation properties of the materials, projected cross sectional area and so on. All of these characteristics are lumped together in a single value of �, which has units of m2. Stealth aircrafts for example are designed to minimize its radar cross section and return the smallest amount of radiation possible in the receiver direction. A new concept has been introduced called quantum radar, that uses correlated quantum states of photons as well as the unique properties of quantum mechanics to ascertain information on a target at a distance. At the time of writing this dissertation, quantum radar is very much in its infancy. There still exist fundamental questions about the feasibility of its implementation, especially in the microwave spectrum. However, what has been theoretically determined, is that quantum radar has a fundamental advantage over classical radar in terms of resolution and returns in certain regimes. Analogous to the classical radar cross section (CRCS), the concept of the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) has been introduced. This quantity measures how “large” an object looks to a quantum radar be describing how a single photon, or small cluster of photons scatter off of a macroscopic target. Preliminary simulations of the basic quantum radar cross section equation have yielded promising results showing an advantage in sidelobe response in comparison to the classical RCS. This document expands upon this idea by providing insight as to where this advantage expanding upon the theory. The expanded theory presented in this document includes re-deriving the QRCS formula to be a general bistatic formula, as the current equation is only valid for monostatic radar geometries. This re-derivation process also leads to the addition of terms that capture the effect of photon polarization, something that is not properly taken into account in the current literature. Most importantly, a new formulation of the QRCS formula will be derived that includes writing the equation in terms of Fourier transforms. This has a profound impact on the analysis of the theory of the QRCS as it allows for the derivation of closed form solutions of certain geometries, something that has never been possible due to the form of the current QRCS equation. All together, this document will provide a complete and general theory of the QRCS. After deriving the necessary equations, there will be extensive work in the utilization of these equations in deriving geometry dependent responses and comparing the closed form solutions to the classical solutions as well as comparing the solutions to the numerical simulations. The current literature relies exclusively on numerical simulations…
This chapter delivers a novel explanation quantized theory behind remote sensing. In this perspective, the quantized of Maxwell's Equations are addressed. This chapter also addressed a new definition of remote sensing. Needless to say, remote sensing is the quantum information amassed from any object on the ground or space owing to the reflection or backscattering of photons, which is a function of the quantum mechanical properties of every object's atoms. In this understanding, different object atoms would interact with photons, i.e., absorption and emission as a function of their different wavelengths and frequencies under circumstances of the uncertain principle of Heisbenger. This new definition of remote sensing delivers a new era of quantum image processing to obtain accurate information about the universe. The uncertainty of conventional remote sensing image processing could be issued owing to conventional computing techniques which are based on the classical computer system i.e. bit. It is also understanding quantum remote sensing technology based on Marghany's [ 33 ] definition, many mysteries in atmospheric turbulence can be tackled. In this regard, the next chapter will deliver answers to the mysteries of the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) impacts on the ionospheric layer.
Quantum radar based on the mechanism of quantum physics and the quantum information is a new sensing technology that was developed to solve technology bottleneck of classic radar. Especially, The Quantum illumination based on entanglement light beam could overcome noise and information loss. In this paper, the principle of quantum radar is introduced in detail, and the quantum illumination radar scheme using entangled photons is discussed. Then, target detection method based on entangled photons is given, and simulation results are showed. Finally, it is demonstrated by experiments that the performance of entangled photon detection system is superior to non-entangled photon detection system in a noisy and lossy environment, and the targets appear to look bigger when looked with low photon number.
The need for improved and reduced integration time for detection in radars has led researchers to develop quantum radars. Quantum Radars use the concepts of quantum mechanics, like quantum entanglement and quantum illumination to give enhanced results in detection with reduced integration time. Quantum Radars have found applications in various fields like - aerospace, biomedical imaging, and civilian. This paper primarily focuses on the novel design of a quantum antenna that is capable of simulating the phenomena of quantum entanglement. It also gives a concise idea about Quantum radars by providing a comparison to the classical radars and a simple simulation of a quantum antenna that can be used to create the phenomena of quantum entanglement.