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IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS)

Study on Quantum Radars for Space Applications

Pallavi U Sharma, Balamati Choudhury, Rajeshwari Hegde

Published Feb 29, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The need for improved and reduced integration time for detection in radars has led researchers to develop quantum radars. Quantum Radars use the concepts of quantum mechanics, like quantum entanglement and quantum illumination to give enhanced results in detection with reduced integration time. Quantum Radars have found applications in various fields like - aerospace, biomedical imaging, and civilian. This paper primarily focuses on the novel design of a quantum antenna that is capable of simulating the phenomena of quantum entanglement. It also gives a concise idea about Quantum radars by providing a comparison to the classical radars and a simple simulation of a quantum antenna that can be used to create the phenomena of quantum entanglement.

DOI
10.1109/wams59642.2024.10527944

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The need for improved and reduced integration time for detection in radars has led researchers to develop quantum radars. Quantum Radars use the concepts of quantum mechanics, like quantum entanglement and quantum illumination to give enhanced results in detection with reduced integration time. Quantum Radars have found applications in various fields like - aerospace, biomedical imaging, and civilian. This paper primarily focuses on the novel design of a quantum antenna that is capable of simulating the phenomena of quantum entanglement. It also gives a concise idea about Quantum radars by providing a comparison to the classical radars and a simple simulation of a quantum antenna that can be used to create the phenomena of quantum entanglement.
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Quantum Radar is a promising technology that could have a strong impact on the civilian and military realms. In this study we introduce a new concept design for implementing a Quantum Radar, based on the time and polarization correlations of the entangled photons for detection and identification and tracking of high-speed targets. The design is focused on extracting high resolution details of the target with precision timing of entangled photons that provides important operational capabilities like distinguishing a target from a decoy. The quantum entanglement properties guarantee the legitimacy of the photons captured by the search telescope. Time correlations of the photon detection events can be extracted via cross-correlation operation between two sets of photon detection time-tags for the entangled photons. The fact that the wavelengths of the entangled photons can be tuned also makes the Quantum Radar concept an enticing candidate for tracking stealth objects. We present the proof-of-principle test results of the Quantum Radar and discuss the technical challenges and limitations of the design.
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In this study, some important parts of a quantum radar are designed using the quantum electrodynamics theory and significantly focused on entanglement conservation. Quantum radar is generally defined as a detection sensor that utilizes the microwave photons like a classical radar and simultaneously employs quantum phenomena to improve detection, identification, and resolution capabilities. However, the entanglement is so fragile, unstable, and difficult to preserve for a long time. Also, more importantly, the entangled states have a tendency to leak away due to the noise. The points mentioned enforces that the entangled states should be carefully studied at each step of the quantum radar detection processes such as the creation of the entangled photons in the tripartite system, the amplification of the photons, the propagation into the atmosphere, and the reflection from the target. At each step, the parameters related to the real mediums and target material can affect the entangled states to leak away easily. The results of simulations indicate that the features of the tripartite system and amplifier are so important to lead the detected photons to remain entangled with the optical modes. Nonetheless, it is found that a lot of entangled photons lose the related non-classical correlation.
Quantum radar serves to drastically improve the resolution of current radar technology using quantum phenomena. This paper will first review some of the proposed ideas and engineering designs behind both entanglement radar and coherent state radar design schemes. Entanglement radar is based on first entangling two photons, then sending one of the entangled photons out towards the target, and keeping the other one at home. A correlation between the two photons is analyzed to obtain information. Coherent state quantum radar relies on using coherent state photons and a quantum detection scheme in order to beat the diffraction limit. Based on the above, a proposed design concept to implement of a coherent state quantum radar is presented for simultaneously determining target range and azimuth/elevation angles.
The quantum computing began with the concern of Richard Feynman to simulate the non-classical physical theories, Shor's algorithm showed the power of the quantum mechanics when solved a classical problem with it, these facts push the technology to discover and implement the quantum illumination, this discovery made a huge change in sensing theory, moreover, the implemented such as phenomena with a classical radar, make a play role in detecting strategies in sensing the stealth objects (whatever be an aircraft or drones), even more, the quantum radar can detect in an efficient way and more accuracy the natural debris outside the atmosphere, also, the quantum radar can work even though, in nosy, foggy, and high-temperature environment, all these features make the quantum radar promising emerging technology deserve to develop and enhanced in theoretical and technical ways. this paper provided a short analysis study to the most common types of quantum radar showing their cons and pros and could be used either in civil or military fields.