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Optics Express

Multi-qubit phase gate on multiple resonators mediated by a superconducting bus

Jin‐Xuan Han, Jin‐Lei Wu, Yan Wang, Yongyuan Jiang, Yan Xia, Jie Song

Published Dec 27, 2019• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a one-step scheme for implementing multi-qubit phase gates on microwave photons in multiple resonators mediated by a superconducting bus in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) system. In the scheme, multiple single-mode resonators carry quantum information with their vacuum and single-photon Fock states, and a multi-level artificial atom acts as a quantum bus which induces the indirect interaction among resonators. The method of pulse engineering is used to shape the coupling strength between resonators and the bus so as to improve the fidelity and robustness of the scheme. We also discuss the influence of finite coherence time for the bus and resonators on gate fidelity respectively. Finally, we consider the suppression of unwanted transitions and propose the method of optimized detuning compensation for offsetting unwanted transitions, showing the feasibility of the scheme within the current experiment technology.

DOI
10.1364/oe.384352

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We propose a one-step scheme for implementing multi-qubit phase gates on microwave photons in multiple resonators mediated by a superconducting bus in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) system. In the scheme, multiple single-mode resonators carry quantum information with their vacuum and single-photon Fock states, and a multi-level artificial atom acts as a quantum bus which induces the indirect interaction among resonators. The method of pulse engineering is used to shape the coupling strength between resonators and the bus so as to improve the fidelity and robustness of the scheme. We also discuss the influence of finite coherence time for the bus and resonators on gate fidelity respectively. Finally, we consider the suppression of unwanted transitions and propose the method of optimized detuning compensation for offsetting unwanted transitions, showing the feasibility of the scheme within the current experiment technology.
We propose an efficient scheme to implement a multiplex-controlled phase gate with multiple photonic qubits simultaneously controlling one target photonic qubit based on circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). For convenience, we denote this multiqubit gate as MCP gate. The gate is realized by using a two-level coupler to couple multiple cavities. The coupler here is a superconducting qubit. This scheme is simple because the gate implementation requires only one step of operation. In addition, this scheme is quite general because the two logic states of each photonic qubit can be encoded with a vacuum state and an arbitrary non-vacuum state ∣ φ 〉 (e.g., a Fock state, a superposition of Fock states, a cat state, or a coherent state, etc.) which is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to the vacuum state. The scheme has some additional advantages: because only two levels of the coupler are used, i.e., no auxiliary levels are utilized, decoherence from higher energy levels of the coupler is avoided; the gate operation time does not depend on the number of qubits; and the gate is implemented deterministically because no measurement is applied. As an example, we numerically analyze the circuit-QED based experimental feasibility of implementing a three-qubit MCP gate with photonic qubits each encoded via a vacuum state and a cat state. The scheme can be applied to accomplish the same task in a wide range of physical system, which consists of multiple microwave or optical cavities coupled to a two-level coupler such as a natural or artificial atom.
We present a novel method to realize a multi-target-qubit controlled phase gate with one microwave photonic qubit simultaneously controlling n - 1 target microwave photonic qubits. This gate is implemented with n microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting flux qutrit. Each cavity hosts a microwave photonic qubit, whose two logic states are represented by the vacuum state and the single photon state of a single cavity mode, respectively. During the gate operation, the qutrit remains in the ground state and thus decoherence from the qutrit is greatly suppressed. This proposal requires only a single-step operation and thus the gate implementation is quite simple. The gate operation time is independent of the number of the qubits. In addition, this proposal does not need applying classical pulse or any measurement. Numerical simulations demonstrate that high-fidelity realization of a controlled phase gate with one microwave photonic qubit simultaneously controlling two target microwave photonic qubits is feasible with current circuit QED technology. The proposal is quite general and can be applied to implement the proposed gate in a wide range of physical systems, such as multiple microwave or optical cavities coupled to a natural or artificial Λ-type three-level atom.
Construction of optimal gate operations is significant for quantum computation. Here an efficient scheme is proposed for performing shortcut-based quantum gates on superconducting qubits in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). Two four-level artificial atoms of Cooper-pair box circuits, having sufficient level anharmonicity, are placed in a common quantized field of circuit QED and are driven by individual classical microwaves. Without the effect of cross resonance, one-qubit NOT gate and phase gate in a decoupled atom can be implemented using the invariant-based shortcuts to adiabaticity. With the assistance of cavity bus, a one-step SWAP gate can be obtained within a composite qubit-photon-qubit system by inversely engineering the classical drivings. We further consider the gate realizations by adjusting the microwave fields. With the accessible decoherence rates, the shortcut-based gates have high fidelities. The present strategy could offer a promising route towards fast and robust quantum computation with superconducting circuits experimentally.
We propose a single-step implementation of a muti-target-qubit controlled phase gate with one catstate qubit ( cqubit ) simultaneously controlling n –1 target cqubits . The two logic states of a cqubit are represented by two orthogonal cat states of a single cavity mode. In this proposal, the gate is implemented with n microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting transmon qutrit. Because the qutrit remains in the ground state during the gate operation, decoherence caused due to the qutrit’s energy relaxation and dephasing is greatly suppressed. The gate implementation is quite simple because only a single-step operation is needed and neither classical pulse nor measurement is required. Numerical simulations demonstrate that high-fidelity realization of a controlled phase gate with one cqubit simultaneously controlling two target cqubits is feasible with present circuit QED technology. This proposal can be extended to a wide range of physical systems to realize the proposed gate, such as multiple microwave or optical cavities coupled to a natural or artificial three-level atom.
Resonators in circuit quantum electrodynamics systems naturally carry multiple modes, which may have non-negligible influence on qubit parameters and device performance. While new theories and techniques are under investigation to deal with the multi-mode effects in circuit quantum electrodynamics systems, researchers have proposed novel engineering designs featuring multi-mode resonators to achieve enhanced functionalities of superconducting quantum processors. Here, we propose multi-mode bus coupling architecture, in which superconducting qubits are coupled to multiple bus resonators to gain larger coupling strength. Applications of multi-mode bus couplers can be helpful for improving iSWAP gate fidelity and gate speed beyond the limit of single-mode scenario. The proposed multi-mode bus coupling architecture is compatible with a scalable variation of the traditional bus coupling architecture. It opens up new possibilities for realization of scalable superconducting quantum computation with circuit quantum electrodynamics systems.
Abstract Resonators in circuit quantum electrodynamics systems naturally carry multiple modes, which may have non-negligible influence on qubit parameters and device performance. While new theories and techniques are under investigation to deal with the multi-mode effects in circuit quantum electrodynamics systems, novel engineering designs are also proposed featuring multi-mode resonators to achieve enhanced functionalities of superconducting quantum processors. In this work, multi-mode bus coupling architecture is proposed, in which superconducting qubits are coupled to multiple bus resonators to gain larger coupling strength. Application of multi-mode bus coupler can help improve iSWAP gate fidelity and gate speed beyond the limit of single-mode scenario. The proposed multi-mode bus coupling architecture is compatible with a scalable variation of the traditional bus coupling architecture. It opens up new possibilities for realization of scalable superconducting quantum computation with circuit quantum electrodynamics systems.