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Chinese Physics B

Shortcut-based quantum gates on superconducting qubits in circuit QED*

Zheng‐Yin Zhao, Run‐Ying Yan, Zhi‐Bo Feng

Published Mar 1, 2021• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Construction of optimal gate operations is significant for quantum computation. Here an efficient scheme is proposed for performing shortcut-based quantum gates on superconducting qubits in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). Two four-level artificial atoms of Cooper-pair box circuits, having sufficient level anharmonicity, are placed in a common quantized field of circuit QED and are driven by individual classical microwaves. Without the effect of cross resonance, one-qubit NOT gate and phase gate in a decoupled atom can be implemented using the invariant-based shortcuts to adiabaticity. With the assistance of cavity bus, a one-step SWAP gate can be obtained within a composite qubit-photon-qubit system by inversely engineering the classical drivings. We further consider the gate realizations by adjusting the microwave fields. With the accessible decoherence rates, the shortcut-based gates have high fidelities. The present strategy could offer a promising route towards fast and robust quantum computation with superconducting circuits experimentally.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/abea96

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Construction of optimal gate operations is significant for quantum computation. Here an efficient scheme is proposed for performing shortcut-based quantum gates on superconducting qubits in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). Two four-level artificial atoms of Cooper-pair box circuits, having sufficient level anharmonicity, are placed in a common quantized field of circuit QED and are driven by individual classical microwaves. Without the effect of cross resonance, one-qubit NOT gate and phase gate in a decoupled atom can be implemented using the invariant-based shortcuts to adiabaticity. With the assistance of cavity bus, a one-step SWAP gate can be obtained within a composite qubit-photon-qubit system by inversely engineering the classical drivings. We further consider the gate realizations by adjusting the microwave fields. With the accessible decoherence rates, the shortcut-based gates have high fidelities. The present strategy could offer a promising route towards fast and robust quantum computation with superconducting circuits experimentally.
Abstract Optimal coherent control of many qubits is critical to quantum information processing. Here, an efficient scheme is proposed for implementing state swap and creating an entanglement with two superconducting qubits in a circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). Two qutrits of Cooper‐pair box (CPB) circuits are placed into a cavity field and are driven by individual classical microwaves. In the two‐photon resonance with a large detuning, each CPB is reduced into a qubit effectively. Within a composite system composed of qubit states and cavity photons, two‐qubit state swap and entanglement can be fast obtained using the technique of shortcuts to adiabaticity with counterdiabatic drivings. Benefited from the shorter duration times and less sensitivity to timing errors and parameter imperfections, high‐fidelity quantum operations can be performed with the accessible decoherence rates. The present protocol could offer a feasible route towards optimized operations on superconducting qubits in a circuit QED.
Abstract Optimal generation of photon Fock states is of significance to quantum science and technology. Here we develop a theoretical scheme for fast generating microwave photon Fock states in a circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) via invariant-based shortcuts to adiabaticity. A superconducting transmon qubit is dispersively coupled to a cavity field of transmission line resonator. Two classical drivings are applied to a composite system, consisting of a transmon qubit and cavity field. In the two-photon resonance with a large intermediate-level detuning, a single-photon Fock state can be fast created by inversely engineering Rabi couplings. With the assistance of auxiliary driving, qubit state can be initialized for inducing multi-photon Fock states in the shortcut manner. Due to negligible leakage effects and high robustness, our scheme offers a potential way to rapidly prepare photon Fock states with a superconducting qubit in circuit QED.
Abstract The optimal generation of entangled states is of significance to information processing and state engineering. Here, an efficient scheme is proposed for creating entangled states between two superconducting qubits in a circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). The two qubits that resonantly interact with a common cavity mode of transmission‐line resonator (TLR) can be effectively coupled by the data bus of the microwave resonator. By the invariant‐based shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA), two types of maximally entangled states can be controllably induced only by adjusting the Rabi drivings. Based on the resonant drivings with constant rates, the shortcut strategy is capable of implementing faster operations when compared with the dispersive approach. The fidelities are highly robust against the decoherence effects and the instabilities of Rabi rates. Thus the proposal could offer a potential route toward the entanglement generations in an optimized manner.
We propose an efficient scheme to implement a multiplex-controlled phase gate with multiple photonic qubits simultaneously controlling one target photonic qubit based on circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). For convenience, we denote this multiqubit gate as MCP gate. The gate is realized by using a two-level coupler to couple multiple cavities. The coupler here is a superconducting qubit. This scheme is simple because the gate implementation requires only one step of operation. In addition, this scheme is quite general because the two logic states of each photonic qubit can be encoded with a vacuum state and an arbitrary non-vacuum state ∣ φ 〉 (e.g., a Fock state, a superposition of Fock states, a cat state, or a coherent state, etc.) which is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to the vacuum state. The scheme has some additional advantages: because only two levels of the coupler are used, i.e., no auxiliary levels are utilized, decoherence from higher energy levels of the coupler is avoided; the gate operation time does not depend on the number of qubits; and the gate is implemented deterministically because no measurement is applied. As an example, we numerically analyze the circuit-QED based experimental feasibility of implementing a three-qubit MCP gate with photonic qubits each encoded via a vacuum state and a cat state. The scheme can be applied to accomplish the same task in a wide range of physical system, which consists of multiple microwave or optical cavities coupled to a two-level coupler such as a natural or artificial atom.
Optimal creation of photon Fock states is of importance for quantum information processing and state engineering. Here an efficient strategy is presented for speeding up generation of photon Fock state in a superconducting circuit via counterdiabatic driving. A transmon qubit is dispersively coupled to a quantized electrical field. We address a Λ-configuration interaction between the composite system and classical drivings. Based on two Gaussian-shaped drivings, a single-photon Fock state can be generated adiabatically. Instead of adding an auxiliary counterdiabatic driving, our concern is to modify these two Rabi drivings in the framework of shortcut to adiabaticity. Thus an accelerated operation with high efficiency can be realized in a much shorter time. Compared with the adiabatic counterpart, the shortcut-based operation is significantly insusceptible to decoherence effects. The scheme could offer a promising way to deterministically prepare photon Fock states with superconducting quantum circuits.
Based on renewed interest in the shortcut-to-adiabaticity techniques in quantum control, we propose a reverse-engineering approach to modulate the longitudinal coupling between a pair of two-level systems with a quantized single-mode resonator. This allows us to suppress the unwanted transitions in the time-evolution operator such that the system dynamics resemble a controlled-phase gate acting in the qubit subspace at the nanosecond scale. The reduced gating time mitigates the detrimental effect produced by the loss mechanisms in all aspects. Moreover, we present a possible experimental implementation based on superconducting quantum circuits. Our work further demonstrates the versatility of the reverse-engineering method to enhance quantum protocols based on circuit quantum electrodynamic architecture.