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Chinese Physics B

Heralded entanglement purification protocol using high-fidelity parity-check gate based on nitrogen-vacancy center in optical cavity*

Lu‐Cong Lu, Guan-Yu Wang, Bao‐Cang Ren, Mei Zhang, Fu‐Guo Deng

Published Nov 20, 2019• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The decoherence of entangled states caused by the noisy channel is a salient problem for reducing the fidelity of quantum communication. Here we present a heralded two-photon entanglement purification protocol (EPP) using heralded high-fidelity parity-check gate (HH-PCG), which can increase the entanglement of nonlocal two-photon polarization mixed state. The HH-PCG is constructed by the input-output process of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond embedded in a single-sided optical cavity, where the errors caused by the imperfect interaction between the NV center-cavity system and the photon can be heralded by the photon detector. As the unwanted components can be filtrated due to the heralded function, the fidelity of the EPP scheme can be enhanced considerably, which will increase the fidelity of quantum communication processing.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/ab5939

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The decoherence of entangled states caused by the noisy channel is a salient problem for reducing the fidelity of quantum communication. Here we present a heralded two-photon entanglement purification protocol (EPP) using heralded high-fidelity parity-check gate (HH-PCG), which can increase the entanglement of nonlocal two-photon polarization mixed state. The HH-PCG is constructed by the input-output process of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond embedded in a single-sided optical cavity, where the errors caused by the imperfect interaction between the NV center-cavity system and the photon can be heralded by the photon detector. As the unwanted components can be filtrated due to the heralded function, the fidelity of the EPP scheme can be enhanced considerably, which will increase the fidelity of quantum communication processing.
We investigate a candidate for the potential implementation of entanglement purification of two entangled nitrogen vacancy (N-V) centers that are coupled with two microtoroidal resonators. In our proposed entanglement purification protocol (EPP), mixed entangled ensembles can be purified with the local parity-check operations. With current and near-future technology, we can achieve the maximally entangled N-V centers nonlocally. And our EPP can be used in quantum repeaters for long-distance quantum communication.
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Recently, two-photon six-qubit hyperentangled states were produced in experiment and they can improve the channel capacity of quantum communication largely. Here we present a scheme for the hyperentanglement purification of nonlocal two-photon systems in three degrees of freedom (DOFs), including the polarization, the first-longitudinal-momentum, and the second-longitudinal-momentum DOFs. Our hyperentanglement purification protocol (hyper-EPP) is constructed with two steps resorting to parity-check quantum nondemolition measurement on the three DOFs and swap gates, respectively. With these two steps, the bit-flip errors in the three DOFs can be corrected efficiently. Also, we show that using swap gates is a universal method for hyper-EPP in the polarization DOF and multiple-longitudinal-momentum DOFs. The implementation of our hyper-EPP is assisted by nitrogen-vacancy centers in optical microcavities, which could be achieved with current techniques. It is useful for long-distance high-capacity quantum communication with two-photon six-qubit hyperentanglement.
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It has been found that logic-qubit entanglement has great potential for applications in quantum communication and quantum networks in recent years. However, along with the effects of noise and decoherence, the fidelity of the communication transmission can be greatly reduced. In this paper, we investigate the entanglement purification of logic bit-flip error and phase-flip error in polarization logic-qubit entanglement based on the parity-check measurement (PCM) gate, which is constructed by the cross-Kerr nonlinearity and used to distinguish the parity information of two-photon polarization states. The probability of entanglement purification is higher than the scheme using the linear optical method. Moreover, the quality of logic-qubit entangled states can be improved by a cyclic purification process. This entanglement purification protocol will be useful in the future when faced with long-distance communication with logic-qubit entanglement states.
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