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網際網路技術學刊

A Mobile Quantum Payment Protocol Based on the Entanglement Coherence of Four-particle GHZ State

Xiaojun Wen, Yongzhi Chen, Wei Zhang, Zoe L. Jiang, Junbin Fang

Published Nov 1, 2019• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

This paper proposes a mobile quantum payment agreement based on the entanglement coherence of four-particle GHZ (Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) state. Taking the four-particle GHZ state as the quantum channel, achieving the overall process of mobile payment through the physical properties of quantum mechanics and adopting the quantum key distribution, this protocol overcomes the limitation of computational security that generally exists in the traditional mobile payment system, and possesses the unconditional security in cryptography.

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This paper proposes a mobile quantum payment agreement based on the entanglement coherence of four-particle GHZ (Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) state. Taking the four-particle GHZ state as the quantum channel, achieving the overall process of mobile payment through the physical properties of quantum mechanics and adopting the quantum key distribution, this protocol overcomes the limitation of computational security that generally exists in the traditional mobile payment system, and possesses the unconditional security in cryptography.
We propose a UnionPay payment scheme based on controlled quantum teleportation in which the whole process is realized through correlation of the three-particle entangled state, controlled quantum teleportation, and the physical property of quantum mechanics. Combined with some typical quantum key distribution protocols, the proposed UnionPay payment scheme with unconditional security (information theory security)overcomes the limitation of computational security generally existing in traditional UnionPay payment systems.
A potentially serious problem with current payment systems is that their underlying hard problems from number theory may be solved by either a quantum computer or unanticipated future advances in algorithms and hardware. A new quantum payment system is proposed in this paper. The suggested system makes use of fundamental principles of quantum mechanics to ensure the unconditional security without prior arrangements between customers and vendors. More specifically, the new system uses Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and Quantum Key Distribution to authenticate the vendors and guarantee the transaction integrity.
Abstract A practical E-payment protocol is presented in this paper. It is based on quantum multi-proxy blind signature. Adopting the techniques of quantum key distribution, one-time pad and quantum multi-proxy blind signature, our E-payment system could protect user’s anonymity as the traditional E-payment systems do, and also have unconditional security, which the classical E-payment systems can not provide. Furthermore, compared with the existing quantum E-payment systems, this practical system could not only support mobile E-payment transactions but also inter-bank transactions .
With the in-depth development of the digital economy and the escalating demands for transaction security and quantum attack resistance in electronic payment scenarios, quantum signature is gradually emerging as a core research direction in the construction of electronic payment security systems. Addressing the requirements for anonymity and security in electronic payment scenarios, this paper proposes an electronic payment scheme based on controlled quantum teleportation. During the implementation of the scheme, the quantum entanglement characteristics of the four-particle entangled state, the core logic of controlled quantum teleportation, the privacy protection features of proxy blind signature technology, and the technical advantages of superdense coding are integrated to provide security guarantees for the payment process. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme builds a payment system relying on quantum key distribution protocols, forming a payment system with information-theoretic security attributes. This effectively overcomes the limitation that traditional UnionPay payment systems rely on computational complexity at the security level. In addition, the scheme satisfies nonrepudiation and unforgeability and possesses the capability to resist interception-resending attacks.
This paper introduces the design process of a multiparty quantum key agreement protocol based on the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state in detail. Building on the traditional circle-type quantum key agreement protocol, we introduce a star structure, which significantly improves the speed and efficiency of key agreement. To facilitate the reader’s understanding, we provide an example of a four participants quantum key agreement protocol. In the process of quantum state transmission, we perform operations using the Pauli matrix and the Hadamard matrix to ensure that the quantum state remains in one of the four basis states. This significantly enhances the security of the protocol. After rigorous security analysis, we find that the protocol can effectively resist intercept-resend attack, entangle-measure attack, collective attack, and dishonest participant attack. Under a collective attack, if the first particle is subjected to bit-flipping noise, then p<0.2430p<0.2430p<0.2430 only guarantees r>0.2r>0.2r>0.2 when a=1a=1a=1 . Additionally, we conduct a fairness analysis and evaluate the practical performance of the proposed protocol. In an ideal depolarization noise-free environment, the protocol can achieve a positive key rate only when the global detection efficiency exceeds 0.9636. Finally, we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of the protocols. The results show that our proposed protocol is superior to other existing schemes in terms of efficiency and running time.