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International Conference on Networking and Digital Society (ICNDS)

Multiparty quantum determined key distribution protocol using GHZ states

Xiaoyu Li, Dexi Zhang

Published May 1, 2010• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A multiparty quantum determined key distribution protocol using GHZ(Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) states is presented in this paper. Three parties can build a key with the help of GHZ states. The key can be a determined string in our protocol while the key is a random string built in the process of key distribution in previous protocols. We prove that our protocol is guaranteed to be unconditionally secure by the laws of quantum mechanics.

DOI
10.1109/icnds.2010.5479592

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A multiparty quantum determined key distribution protocol using GHZ(Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) states is presented in this paper. Three parties can build a key with the help of GHZ states. The key can be a determined string in our protocol while the key is a random string built in the process of key distribution in previous protocols. We prove that our protocol is guaranteed to be unconditionally secure by the laws of quantum mechanics.
Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) represents the strongest form of physical security in QKD, it successfully wipes out almost all underlying unsafe factors in reality. The security premise of DI-QKD protocols is based barely on general physical laws and dose not require any detailed knowledge or control of the physical devices used in the protocol. In this paper, we devise a simple three-party DI-QKD protocol using three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, by which three participants can negotiate a common secure key. We consider our protocol in a noisy quantum channel. Finally, we briefly analyze the security of our protocol and derive the theoretical key rate.
Recently, Chen et al. (DOI 10.1109/SMC.2015. 281) proposed a multiparty quantum key agreement protocol based on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. They claimed that their protocol can achieve both the security property and the fairness property. However, this study points out that Chen et al.'s protocol cannot achieve the fairness property by an Internal Attack. That is, one of the involved participant (Alice) can determine the final key alone without being detected by other participants.
In this paper, we develop, a quantum key distribution protocol based on the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states (GHZs). The particles are exchanged among the users in blocks through two steps. In this protocol, for three-particle GHZs three keys can be simultaneously generated. The advantage of this is that the users can select the most suitable key for communication. The protocol can be generalized to N users to provide N keys. The protocol has two levels for checking the eavesdroppers. Moreover, we discuss the security of the protocol against different attacks.