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IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference

Effect of Misalignment Error on Secrecy Outage Capacity of FSO Communication Links

Rubén Boluda-Ruiz, Khalid A. Qaraqe

Published Apr 1, 2019• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Despite the high directivity of optical beams, free-space optical (FSO) communications may be compromised by the presence of an external observer, particularly when the beam footprint at the receiver side is greatly wider than the receiver size. In this paper, a new framework is developed for the analysis of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) in FSO systems over gamma-gamma (GG) fading channels with nonzero boresight pointing errors. As a key feature, we include the eavesdropper's location in the pointing error model corresponding to the wiretap channel model. In this way, new approximate and asymptotic solutions for both the SOP and the probability of SPSC are obtained in closed-form, which are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. Using the developed expressions, we can study some effects such as the impact of the eavesdropper's location and the beam width on the secrecy outage performance.

DOI
10.1109/wcnc.2019.8885999

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Despite the high directivity of optical beams, free-space optical (FSO) communications may be compromised by the presence of an external observer, particularly when the beam footprint at the receiver side is greatly wider than the receiver size. In this paper, a new framework is developed for the analysis of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) in FSO systems over gamma-gamma (GG) fading channels with nonzero boresight pointing errors. As a key feature, we include the eavesdropper's location in the pointing error model corresponding to the wiretap channel model. In this way, new approximate and asymptotic solutions for both the SOP and the probability of SPSC are obtained in closed-form, which are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. Using the developed expressions, we can study some effects such as the impact of the eavesdropper's location and the beam width on the secrecy outage performance.
When the beam waist at the receiver is significantly larger than the receiver size, free-space optical (FSO) links may be vulnerable to some optical tapping risks at the physical layer. In this paper, we conduct a new framework for the analysis of the secrecy performance in terms of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of FSO systems affected by gamma-gamma (GG) turbulence-induced fading channels with pointing errors. As a key feature, we evaluate the SOP in the presence of an external eavesdropper with generic location and orientation. For that reason, a new misalignment error model is proposed to consider a non-orthogonal optical beam with respect to the photodetector plane at the eavesdropper's receiver, where the effective area is determined by a rotated ellipse. New approximate and asymptotic solutions at high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for the secrecy performance are obtained in closed-form, which are verified by exact Monte Carlo simulations. By using the developed expressions, we analyze in greater detail some effects such as the SNR of the eavesdropper's channel, the normalized beamwidth at the receiver-side, and the location and orientation of the eavesdropper on the secrecy performance for different turbulence conditions.
Today, free-space optical (FSO) communication in the presence of an eavesdropper is considered as an important topic in the current literature. In this paper, security issues are investigated for FSO wiretap channels. Novel closed-form solutions, both approximate and asymptotic, for the average secrecy capacity (ASC) are derived over gamma-gamma (GG) atmospheric turbulence channels with pointing errors. As a significant aspect, misalignment errors at the eavesdropper's receiver follow the Rice distribution in order to take into consideration the spacing between the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper's receiver, which is modeled as a nonzero boresight displacement. It is concluded that a greater normalized beam width is required to reduce the loss produced by such attacks in the high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime. Analytical results are further verified by Monte Carlo simulation results.
With the continued development of optical wireless communications, the security performance of free space optical (FSO) communications is the most crucial aspect that should receive significant attention. Despite the fact that FSO communications are considered more secure than radio frequency systems, their link performance degrades due to some environmental factors such as atmospheric turbulence, fog, and non-zero boresight pointing errors. The combined effect of these factors on the secrecy performance of FSO communication systems over the generalized Malaga- M fading channel is investigated in this paper. This work assumes a more realistic eavesdropping scenario in which both legitimate and unauthorized receivers are located on the same receiving plane. Secrecy outage probability and strictly positive secrecy capacity are expressed in exact closed-form expressions in this work. The results show that the FSO system has acceptable secrecy performance in moderate and light fog, with potential reach distances ranging from hundreds of meters to a few kilometers. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to verify the numerical results.
This work is concerned with the secrecy performance of a free-space optical (FSO) communication system over Fisher-SnedecorF\mathcal {F}F-distribution turbulence fading channel. Considering the influence of pointing error, atmospheric turbulence and different detection technique (i.e., the intensity modulation with direct detection and heterodyne detection), we derive the exact closed-form expressions for the average secrecy capacity (ASC), the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) in terms of Meijer’s G-function. Furthermore, the asymptotic expression for SOP is analyzed as the electrical signal-to-noise ratio approaches infinity. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to validate analytical results.
In this paper, we analyze the spatial location of the eavesdropper on the secrecy performance of free-space optical communication systems over Fischer--Snedecor F-distribution fading channel. As a key feature, we investigate the impact of the eavesdropper's location within the range of the beam divergence angle, which is more in line with practical engineering applications. The possible position of the eavesdropper is comprehensively assumed with horizontal and vertical components within the beam divergence angle. To this end, the lower-band secrecy outage probability, asymptotic solutions of SOP at high signal-to-noise-ratio, and the strictly positive secrecy capacity are obtained in closed-form, which are corroborated by exact Monte Carlo simulations respectively.
Artificial noise (AN) injection is one of the promising techniques for improving the secrecy performance of a communication system. In this paper, AN injection scheme is incorporated in free-space optical (FSO) communication system for improving the secrecy performance of free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. The FSO link is subjected to Gamma-Gamma (GG) distributed atmospheric turbulence (AT) with pointing errors (PEs). It is assumed that legitimate transmitter has only one FSO aperture while the legitimate receiver as well as an eavesdropper are equipped with multiple FSO apertures. The performance of the considered system is investigated by deriving novel series-based expressions for secrecy outage probability (SOP), secrecy throughput, and strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) of the system. Finally, through numerical results, it is shown that the number of FSO apertures along with the proposed AN injection scheme and GG distributed AT with PEs have a significant impact on the performance of the considered system.