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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Coupling Quantum Emitters in Nanodiamonds to Microring Resonators for Integrated Quantum Photonics

Victor Leong, Dmitry A. Kalashnikov, Jibo Dai, G. Alagappan, Ting Hu, Валерий Александрович Давыдов, V. Agafonov, Leonid A. Krivitsky

Published Jun 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum photonics platforms hold considerable potential for the rapid development and deployment of quantum information and computing technologies. Color centers in diamond, such as silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers, have numerous attractive properties for such applications, including high brightness, narrow zero-phonon line (ZPL) linewidths at 737nm, and stable single-photon emission insusceptible to electric field fluctuations [1]. Color centers in photonic diamond nanostructures have been demonstrated recently [2], but their fabrication is challenging and requires sophisticated techniques and equipment.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8873014

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Quantum photonics platforms hold considerable potential for the rapid development and deployment of quantum information and computing technologies. Color centers in diamond, such as silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers, have numerous attractive properties for such applications, including high brightness, narrow zero-phonon line (ZPL) linewidths at 737nm, and stable single-photon emission insusceptible to electric field fluctuations [1]. Color centers in photonic diamond nanostructures have been demonstrated recently [2], but their fabrication is challenging and requires sophisticated techniques and equipment.
Efficient interfaces between optical photons and quantum bits are fundamental building blocks for quantum networks and large-scale quantum computers. We demonstrate an integrated platform for scalable quantum optics based on color centers coupled to diamond nanodevices. First, we incorporate nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond into hybrid nanophotonic crystal cavities. Despite our progress towards coupling the NV to cavity photons, we find that the NV-cavity interface is limited by the imperfections of the color center's properties and its local environment. We approach this challenge first by characterizing and modifying the diamond surface to reduce the environmental noise affecting the NV optical transition. Subsequently, we develop a new approach that makes use of a quantum emitter with intrinsic protection from this noise: the silicon-vacancy (SiV) center in diamond. We demonstrate that SiV centers introduced through ion implantation feature highly coherent optical transitions, even inside nanostructures. By placing SiV centers inside all-diamond photonic crystal cavities, we achieve strong SiV-photon coupling with a cooperativity of greater than 20. Using this platform, we realize a quantum-optical switch controlled by the spin degree of freedom of a single SiV. By measuring intensity correlations of indistinguishable Raman photons emitted into a single waveguide, we observe a quantum interference effect resulting from the superradiant emission of two probabilistically entangled SiV centers. Finally, we demonstrate controllable photon-mediated interactions between the spin degrees of freedom of two cavity-coupled SiV centers. When the optical transitions of the two SiV centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling of each SiV to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between the two SiVs, leading to the observation of super- and sub-radiant two-SiV states.
The negatively charged silicon-vacancy center (SiV) in diamond is a potential high-quality source of single-indistinguishable photons for quantum information processing and quantum electrodynamics applications[1]. Protected by inversion symmetry, the SiV possesses bright narrow-band and spectrally stable optical transition. However, when embedded in bulk diamond, this emitter suffers from relatively low extraction efficiency attributed to total internal reflection as well as nondeterministic location. On the other hand, its implementation in nanodiamonds or nanostructures prepared by a top-down approach can mitigate the issue of total internal reflection, but impeded by optical dephasing owing to their degraded surface quality.
We propose to couple single photons, generated by a germanium vacancy (GeV) / Silicon Vacancy (SiV) center located within one nanodiamond-ND, to other GeV centers in other nanodiamonds. We will then have a hybrid quantum photonic platform made of color centers that act as stationary matter qubits and single photons that act as flying qubits, connecting nodes together. Our initial attempt will be focused on establishing a two-node network and then look towards scaling up to a multiple node quantum network. To this extent, we shall study the spectral as well as correlation properties of group IV color centers embedded in nanodiamonds to choose suitable candidates for the proposed two node quantum network. We will elaborate on the process as well as applications of the proposed device in the context of quantum communication and networks. We will also look into the study the interaction of a magnetic ion with color centers in bulk diamond.
Development of quantum information processing requires realization of solid state structures able to manipulate light or matter quantum bits. One of the promising candidates for been active elements of such solid-state platform are color centers in diamond. The most famous nitrogen-vacancy color center has number of attractive features and found a lot of applications in sensing and imaging. Still, it has number of considerable disadvantages, among which it sensitivity to the surface damages and thus its incompatibility with nanostructures. On another side implementation of nano- and micro- structures enabled considerable progress in manipulation of light quanta. In particular photonic crystal cavities allowed to realize strong coupling of cavity and spin system. This led to demonstration of efficient light collection and realization of simple quantum gates with artificial or real atoms. Novel color centers such as silicon-vacancy or germanium-vacancy color center due to inversion symmetry of the electron structure are not sensitive to the surface damages and presence of surface nearby. Thus, those are perfect candidates for been combined with photonic crystal structures. Novel technologies enabled growing of the nanodiamonds of ultra-small size having well-defined color center inside. Along with techniques to position those precisely on the nano- and micro structures these achievements opened opportunity to integrate high-fines photonic-crystal cavities with the germanium-vacancy containing nanocrystals thus forming fully solid-state platform for quantum manipulation of light. In my talk I will describe our progress towards realization of this ambitious goal.
Point defects in diamond, particularly nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. These defects are promising candidates for quantum information science, serving as deterministic single-photon sources and solid-state quantum memories. They have also been employed as nanoscale quantum sensors to detect various physical quantities, including magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature, owing to their long spin coherence time at room temperature. Development of these diamond-based quantum technologies has been rapidly boosted by a recent quantum leap in nanofabrication technologies for high-quality single-crystal diamond. Incorporating these color centers into diamond nanostructures with mature integrated photonics provides a promising route to build scalable and practical systems for quantum applications. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms.