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International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices

Nonresonant Optical Pumping of Sodium by a Dye and CuBr Laser

Timofey D. Petukhov, Viktor B. Sukhanov, Gennadiy S. Evtushenko

Published Jun 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper considers the experiments on nonresonant optical pumping of sodium D-lines. Na-Xe medium is pumped by a dye laser with a wavelength of 560 nm and output energy of 5 mJ and CuBr laser with wavelengths of 510.6 and 578.2 nm and the total output energy of 0.5 mJ (0.2 mJ at 578.2 nm). Receiving radiation when pumped with a copper bromide laser indicates the presence of an effective pumping mechanism via two-photon absorption.

DOI
10.1109/edm.2019.8823243

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The first step of the hybrid excitation in the experiment was achieved by using a pulse broadband ($\\sim$200 {\\AA}) dye laser beam through a heat pipe oven. But the total covered pumping wavelength region from 4600 {\\AA} to 6800 {\\AA} the populated upper electronic state in $Na_{2}$ should be either $A^{\\prime}\\Sigma_{u}$ or $B^{\\prime}\\Pi_{u}$ state. The excited sodium dimers $Na_{2}^{\\ast}$ transfered their energy to sodium atoms Na by near resonace collisions and the Na then would populate up the 3P level from ground state 3s. The Na were consequentely pumped up to 4D, 5D, 5S or 6S level from 3P by using a narrowband dye laser pumped by the same $N_{2}$ laser. The infrared stimulated radiation corresponding to the transitions of 4D-4P(2.34 $\\mu$m). 5D-4P(5.02$\\mu$m), 5S-4P(3.42 $\\mu$m) and 6S-5P(7.52 $\\mu$m) with cascade stimulated emission from 4P to 4S (2.20 $\\mu$m) and from 5P to 5S (5.43 $\\mu$m) were then obtained, Furthermore the dependence of the output energy on the pumping wavelengthes was measured and discussed.

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International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices•Jun 1, 2017•0 citations
This paper considers the experiments on nonresonant optical pumping of sodium D-lines. Na-Xe medium is pumped by a dye laser with a wavelength of 560 nm and output energy of 5 mJ and CuBr laser with wavelengths of 510.6 and 578.2 nm and the total output energy of 0.5 mJ (0.2 mJ at 578.2 nm). Receiving radiation when pumped with a copper bromide laser indicates the presence of an effective pumping mechanism via two-photon absorption.
We describe experiments on the excitation of amplified spontaneous emission on the D -lines of sodium ( D 2 = 588.9 nm; D 1 = 589.6 nm) with longitudinal optical pumping with a large detuning from the D 2 line toward shorter wavelengths. The radiation spectra are measured, showing gain on both lines, at a Na concentration of (1–5) × 10 14 cm –3 , buffer gas (helium) pressure of 600 Torr at the working temperature, and pumping power density of more than 1.5 MW/cm 2 . The time characteristics show that the output radiation varies versus the concentration of sodium atoms in the active medium. The dependences of radiation absorption at the D -lines of sodium on the concentration of Na atoms and buffer gas pressure are given.
This paper reports the UV and violet diffuse band radiation generated by two-photon pumping in Na2 by focusing the pumping beam (~ 10 mJ) from a pulsed dye laser into a heat-pipe oven containing sodium. Measurable forward stimulated diffuse band radiation existed at 350.0-385.0 nm and 405.0-460.0 nm over the whole pumping region from 620.0 to 670.0 nm. The radiation corresponded to transitions from different high-lying triplet g states to the lowest triplet state. The signal intensity related to the pumping wavelength. The stronger signals were there where two-photon pumping was enhanced by singlet-triplet mixing levels. The weaker signals were assumed to relate to the collisions either transferring energy from the A ′ Σ u + to the b3Π g state after the first photon excitation and then pumped by the second photon excitation from the b3Π g state to a high-lying state, or were due to collisional transfer from a high-lying singlet to a nearby triplet state.
For the first time by means of two-photon hybrid excitation in the Na2-Na system, which is distinguished from the usual two-photon excitation in atomic vapor, tunable UV coherent radiation (between 337.6 and 339.1 nm and between 358.0 and 359.6 nm) and tunable infrared stimulated radiation (3.38-3.46 µm) were generated. By optically pumping with a pulsed dye laser scanning from 614.5 to 617.4 nm for sodium vapor in a heat-pipe oven, Na2 was excited by the first photon absorption from the X ′ Σ g + to the A ′ Σ u + state. The energy was transferred to Na by Na2*-Na collision to populate the levels 3p1/2,3/2 in Na, which was followed by another photon excitation from the same beam up to near the 5S level, resulting in SERS (3P1/2-4P and 3P3/2-4P) and OPSE(5S → 4P and 4P → 4S) radiation. Assuming the detunings of pumping frequency ω1, from ω(5S,3P3/2) and ω(5s,3p1/2) to be Δ1 and Δ2, respectively, the three UV coherent radiation components were supposed to be generated by the following mixing processes: ωUV = 2ω1 − ω(5S − 4P); ω U V ′ = 2 ω 1 − [ ω ( 5 S → 4 P ) + Δ 1 ] ; ω U V ′ ′ = 2 ω 1 − [ ω ( 5 S → 4 P ) + Δ 2 ] , and also ω U V ′ ′ ′ = 2 ω 1 − ω ( 4 P → 4 S ) . The SERS and the UV signals were tuned as the pumping wavelength was tuned. The measured wavelengths agreed well with the calculated values.
Lasing on the D1 and D2 lines of Na (589.6 and 589.0 nm, respectively) has been generated simultaneously by photoexciting free→free transitions of thermal Na-Xe collision pairs. Pumping the blue satellite of the Na D2 line in Na/Xe mixtures (λ ≈ 560 nm) selectively interacts with Na-Xe pairs having an instantaneous internuclear separation of ∼5 Å and culminates in the population of both Na (32PJ) fine structure levels. The spectral width of the laser excitation spectrum is 1.3 nm (centered at 560.1 nm) and the 32P3/2→32S1/2 (D2) laser linewidth was measured to be 9.2 ± 0.6 GHz, which is consistent with a coefficient of 18.4 MHz/Torr for broadening of the D2 589.0 nm transition by Xe.
STIMULATED EMISSION BASED ON TWO-STEP HYBRID RESONANCE A1Σu+A^{1}\Sigma_{u}^{+}A1Σu+​ OR B1ΠuB^{1}\Pi_{u}B1Πu​ STATE OF Na.∗Na.^{*}Na.∗
The first step of the hybrid excitation in the experiment was achieved by using a pulse broadband ($\\sim$200 {\\AA}) dye laser beam through a heat pipe oven. But the total covered pumping wavelength region from 4600 {\\AA} to 6800 {\\AA} the populated upper electronic state in Na2Na_{2}Na2​ should be either AprimeSigmauA^{\\prime}\\Sigma_{u}AprimeSigmau​ or BprimePiuB^{\\prime}\\Pi_{u}BprimePiu​ state. The excited sodium dimers Na2astNa_{2}^{\\ast}Na2ast​ transfered their energy to sodium atoms Na by near resonace collisions and the Na then would populate up the 3P level from ground state 3s. The Na were consequentely pumped up to 4D, 5D, 5S or 6S level from 3P by using a narrowband dye laser pumped by the same N2N_{2}N2​ laser. The infrared stimulated radiation corresponding to the transitions of 4D-4P(2.34 mu\\mumum). 5D-4P(5.02mu\\mumum), 5S-4P(3.42 mu\\mumum) and 6S-5P(7.52 mu\\mumum) with cascade stimulated emission from 4P to 4S (2.20 mu\\mumum) and from 5P to 5S (5.43 mu\\mumum) were then obtained, Furthermore the dependence of the output energy on the pumping wavelengthes was measured and discussed.