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STIMULATED EMISSION BASED ON TWO-STEP HYBRID RESONANCE $A^{1}\Sigma_{u}^{+}$ OR $B^{1}\Pi_{u}$ STATE OF $Na.^{*}$

L. J. Qin, Z. G. Wang, K. C. Zhang, I-Shan Cheng

Published Jan 1, 1985• 0 citations
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Abstract

The first step of the hybrid excitation in the experiment was achieved by using a pulse broadband ($\\sim$200 {\\AA}) dye laser beam through a heat pipe oven. But the total covered pumping wavelength region from 4600 {\\AA} to 6800 {\\AA} the populated upper electronic state in $Na_{2}$ should be either $A^{\\prime}\\Sigma_{u}$ or $B^{\\prime}\\Pi_{u}$ state. The excited sodium dimers $Na_{2}^{\\ast}$ transfered their energy to sodium atoms Na by near resonace collisions and the Na then would populate up the 3P level from ground state 3s. The Na were consequentely pumped up to 4D, 5D, 5S or 6S level from 3P by using a narrowband dye laser pumped by the same $N_{2}$ laser. The infrared stimulated radiation corresponding to the transitions of 4D-4P(2.34 $\\mu$m). 5D-4P(5.02$\\mu$m), 5S-4P(3.42 $\\mu$m) and 6S-5P(7.52 $\\mu$m) with cascade stimulated emission from 4P to 4S (2.20 $\\mu$m) and from 5P to 5S (5.43 $\\mu$m) were then obtained, Furthermore the dependence of the output energy on the pumping wavelengthes was measured and discussed.

Related papers

Tunable UV coherent radiation and infrared stimulated radiation generated by hybrid pumping in the Na2-Na system

Zugeng Wang, Xiaoling Tang, Kai-Chang Zhang +2 more

For the first time by means of two-photon hybrid excitation in the Na2-Na system, which is distinguished from the usual two-photon excitation in atomic vapor, tunable UV coherent radiation (between 337.6 and 339.1 nm and between 358.0 and 359.6 nm) and tunable infrared stimulated radiation (3.38-3.46 µm) were generated. By optically pumping with a pulsed dye laser scanning from 614.5 to 617.4 nm for sodium vapor in a heat-pipe oven, Na2 was excited by the first photon absorption from the X ′ Σ g + to the A ′ Σ u + state. The energy was transferred to Na by Na2*-Na collision to populate the levels 3p1/2,3/2 in Na, which was followed by another photon excitation from the same beam up to near the 5S level, resulting in SERS (3P1/2-4P and 3P3/2-4P) and OPSE(5S → 4P and 4P → 4S) radiation. Assuming the detunings of pumping frequency ω1, from ω(5S,3P3/2) and ω(5s,3p1/2) to be Δ1 and Δ2, respectively, the three UV coherent radiation components were supposed to be generated by the following mixing processes: ωUV = 2ω1 − ω(5S − 4P); ω U V ′ = 2 ω 1 − [ ω ( 5 S → 4 P ) + Δ 1 ] ; ω U V ′ ′ = 2 ω 1 − [ ω ( 5 S → 4 P ) + Δ 2 ] , and also ω U V ′ ′ ′ = 2 ω 1 − ω ( 4 P → 4 S ) . The SERS and the UV signals were tuned as the pumping wavelength was tuned. The measured wavelengths agreed well with the calculated values.

International Laser Science Conference•Jan 1, 1986•0 citations

EXCITED STATES ENERGY TRANSFER IN SODIUM AND POTASSIUM

Stoyan Dinev, Ivan L. Stefanov, I. V. Tomov

Collisional energy transfer between atoms and molecules proved to be an efficient method for excitation of new laser lines and spectroscopy of states forbidden for direct excitation or emission by parity conservation [1]. We have studied a number of stimulated emissions in the near IR 800 - 850nm in Na atom via Na2X—A transitions. Two tunable dye lasers have been employed, the first one scanning the X—A molecular transition and the second one tuned to Na 3p-4d single photon resonance, Fig.1. Taking the collision rate coefficient for the reaction

•Jul 18, 1988•0 citations

Cross-section measurement for the energy-transfer collisions Na(3P)+Na(3P)→Na(5S,4D)+Na(3S)

M. Allegrini, Paola Bicchi, L. Moi

We report our measurements of the cross sections ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{5S}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{4D}$ for the electronic-energy-transfer process $\mathrm{Na}(3P)+\mathrm{Na}(3P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Na}(5S,4D)+\mathrm{Na}(3S)$. To obtain these cross sections we have measured the fluorescence intensity for the transitions $5S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3P$, $4D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3P$, and $3P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3S$ in sodium vapor excited with a cw dye laser. The study of this electronic energy transfer is complicated and there is a large disagreement (\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${10}^{4}$) among reported measurements. We believe we have avoided most of the difficulties of previous experiments. Our results are ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{5S}=(2.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{4D}=(3.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, and they are compared with the results of other experiments.

Physical Review A•Sep 1, 1983•59 citations

Two-photon excitation of dense sodium vapor near the n d 2D5/2, 3/2 (n=3, 4, 5) levels: Na2 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission

Stanley J. Bajic, R. N. Compton, John A. D. Stockdale +1 more

Laser excitation and ionization processes in dense (1–10 Torr) sodium vapor have been studied for laser wavelengths near the two-photon allowed nd 2D(n=3, 4, 5) and ns 2S(n=4, 5, 6) states. In particular, the 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission in Na2, predicted in 1980 by Konowalow and Julienne and observed recently by Dinev et al, was studied here in greater detail. Strong excimer emission (∼830 nm) was observed for two-photon pumping to both sides of the unresolved 4D states, and weak excimer emission was seen when pumping near the 5D levels. The excimer emission exhibits a complicated pump laser profile with a pronounced ‘‘dip’’ at the 4d 2D two-photon resonance. Similarly, [2+1] photon ionization via the 3d 2D and 4d 2D states shows a dramatic decrease as the sodium density increases. These results can be attributed either to depleted 3d 2D or 4d 2D population due to stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) or to the interference effects recently reported by Malcuit et al. and Krasnikov et al. and treated theoretically by Manykin and Afanas’ev and by Agarwal. It is argued that both mechanisms are operative. Strong ionization and SERS signals were observed at the hybrid resonances corresponding to 3p 2P3/2, 1/2 →4d 2D transitions; however, no excimer lasing at 830 nm was detected. No excimer emission was detected upon two-photon pumping near or at the 3d 2D or ns 2S(n=4, 5, 6) states. Based on these and other observations, the 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission is attributed to a molecular Raman process involving stimulated emission or six-wave mixing via a pathway of the type 1 3Σ+u→2hν 3Δu→ j 3Πg→(k 3Πu, l 3Σ +u)→1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ +u .

The Journal of Chemical Physics•Dec 15, 1988•12 citations

Two-photon excitation of dense sodium vapor near the nd /sup 2/D/sub 5/2,//sub //sub 3/2/ (n = 3, 4, 5) levels: Na/sub 2/ 1 /sup 3//Sigma//sup +//sub g//yields/1 /sup 3//Sigma//sup +//sub u/ excimer emission

Stanley J. Bajic, R. N. Compton, John A. D. Stockdale +1 more

Laser excitation and ionization processes in dense (1--10 Torr) sodium vapor have been studied for laser wavelengths near the two-photon allowed nd /sup 2/D(n = 3, 4, 5) and ns /sup 2/S(n = 4, 5, 6) states. In particular, the 1 /sup 3//Sigma//sup +//sub g//yields/1 /sup 3//Sigma//sup +//sub u/ excimer emission in Na/sub 2/, predicted in 1980 by Konowalow and Julienne and observed recently by Dinev et al, was studied here in greater detail. Strong excimer emission (/similar to/30 nm) was observed for two-photon pumping to both sides of the unresolved 4D states, and weak excimer emission was seen when pumping near the 5D levels. The excimer emission exhibits a complicated pump laser profile with a pronounced ''dip'' at the 4d /sup 2/D two-photon resonance. Similarly, (2+1) photon ionization via the 3d /sup 2/D and 4d /sup 2/D states shows a dramatic decrease as the sodium density increases. These results can be attributed either to depleted 3d /sup 2/D or 4d /sup 2/D population due to stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) or to the interference effects recently reported by Malcuit et al. and Krasnikov et al. and treated theoretically by Manykin and Afanas'ev and by Agarwal. It is argued thatmore » both mechanisms are operative.« less

•Dec 15, 1988•0 citations

Stimulated emission based on two-step hybrid resonance via A~1∑_u or B~1II_u state of Na_2

Lei Qin

Stimulated emission based on two-step hybrid resonance via A1∑u or B1∏u state of Na2 has been observed by using a broad-band and a narrow-band dye laser as pumping sources. The maclunism is discussed.

Acta Optica Sinica•Jan 1, 1986•0 citations
STIMULATED EMISSION BASED ON TWO-STEP HYBRID RESONANCE A1Σu+A^{1}\Sigma_{u}^{+}A1Σu+​ OR B1ΠuB^{1}\Pi_{u}B1Πu​ STATE OF Na.∗Na.^{*}Na.∗
The first step of the hybrid excitation in the experiment was achieved by using a pulse broadband (sim\\simsim200 {\AA}) dye laser beam through a heat pipe oven. But the total covered pumping wavelength region from 4600 {\AA} to 6800 {\AA} the populated upper electronic state in Na2Na_{2}Na2​ should be either AprimeSigmauA^{\\prime}\\Sigma_{u}AprimeSigmau​ or BprimePiuB^{\\prime}\\Pi_{u}BprimePiu​ state. The excited sodium dimers Na2astNa_{2}^{\\ast}Na2ast​ transfered their energy to sodium atoms Na by near resonace collisions and the Na then would populate up the 3P level from ground state 3s. The Na were consequentely pumped up to 4D, 5D, 5S or 6S level from 3P by using a narrowband dye laser pumped by the same N2N_{2}N2​ laser. The infrared stimulated radiation corresponding to the transitions of 4D-4P(2.34 mu\\mumum). 5D-4P(5.02mu\\mumum), 5S-4P(3.42 mu\\mumum) and 6S-5P(7.52 mu\\mumum) with cascade stimulated emission from 4P to 4S (2.20 mu\\mumum) and from 5P to 5S (5.43 mu\\mumum) were then obtained, Furthermore the dependence of the output energy on the pumping wavelengthes was measured and discussed.
For the first time by means of two-photon hybrid excitation in the Na2-Na system, which is distinguished from the usual two-photon excitation in atomic vapor, tunable UV coherent radiation (between 337.6 and 339.1 nm and between 358.0 and 359.6 nm) and tunable infrared stimulated radiation (3.38-3.46 µm) were generated. By optically pumping with a pulsed dye laser scanning from 614.5 to 617.4 nm for sodium vapor in a heat-pipe oven, Na2 was excited by the first photon absorption from the X ′ Σ g + to the A ′ Σ u + state. The energy was transferred to Na by Na2*-Na collision to populate the levels 3p1/2,3/2 in Na, which was followed by another photon excitation from the same beam up to near the 5S level, resulting in SERS (3P1/2-4P and 3P3/2-4P) and OPSE(5S → 4P and 4P → 4S) radiation. Assuming the detunings of pumping frequency ω1, from ω(5S,3P3/2) and ω(5s,3p1/2) to be Δ1 and Δ2, respectively, the three UV coherent radiation components were supposed to be generated by the following mixing processes: ωUV = 2ω1 − ω(5S − 4P); ω U V ′ = 2 ω 1 − [ ω ( 5 S → 4 P ) + Δ 1 ] ; ω U V ′ ′ = 2 ω 1 − [ ω ( 5 S → 4 P ) + Δ 2 ] , and also ω U V ′ ′ ′ = 2 ω 1 − ω ( 4 P → 4 S ) . The SERS and the UV signals were tuned as the pumping wavelength was tuned. The measured wavelengths agreed well with the calculated values.
Collisional energy transfer between atoms and molecules proved to be an efficient method for excitation of new laser lines and spectroscopy of states forbidden for direct excitation or emission by parity conservation [1]. We have studied a number of stimulated emissions in the near IR 800 - 850nm in Na atom via Na2X—A transitions. Two tunable dye lasers have been employed, the first one scanning the X—A molecular transition and the second one tuned to Na 3p-4d single photon resonance, Fig.1. Taking the collision rate coefficient for the reaction
We report our measurements of the cross sections ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{5S}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{4D}$ for the electronic-energy-transfer process $\mathrm{Na}(3P)+\mathrm{Na}(3P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Na}(5S,4D)+\mathrm{Na}(3S)$. To obtain these cross sections we have measured the fluorescence intensity for the transitions $5S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3P$, $4D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3P$, and $3P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3S$ in sodium vapor excited with a cw dye laser. The study of this electronic energy transfer is complicated and there is a large disagreement (\ensuremath{\gtrsim}104{10}^{4}104) among reported measurements. We believe we have avoided most of the difficulties of previous experiments. Our results are ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{5S}=(2.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{4D}=(3.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, and they are compared with the results of other experiments.
Laser excitation and ionization processes in dense (1–10 Torr) sodium vapor have been studied for laser wavelengths near the two-photon allowed nd 2D(n=3, 4, 5) and ns 2S(n=4, 5, 6) states. In particular, the 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission in Na2, predicted in 1980 by Konowalow and Julienne and observed recently by Dinev et al, was studied here in greater detail. Strong excimer emission (∼830 nm) was observed for two-photon pumping to both sides of the unresolved 4D states, and weak excimer emission was seen when pumping near the 5D levels. The excimer emission exhibits a complicated pump laser profile with a pronounced ‘‘dip’’ at the 4d 2D two-photon resonance. Similarly, [2+1] photon ionization via the 3d 2D and 4d 2D states shows a dramatic decrease as the sodium density increases. These results can be attributed either to depleted 3d 2D or 4d 2D population due to stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) or to the interference effects recently reported by Malcuit et al. and Krasnikov et al. and treated theoretically by Manykin and Afanas’ev and by Agarwal. It is argued that both mechanisms are operative. Strong ionization and SERS signals were observed at the hybrid resonances corresponding to 3p 2P3/2, 1/2 →4d 2D transitions; however, no excimer lasing at 830 nm was detected. No excimer emission was detected upon two-photon pumping near or at the 3d 2D or ns 2S(n=4, 5, 6) states. Based on these and other observations, the 1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ+u excimer emission is attributed to a molecular Raman process involving stimulated emission or six-wave mixing via a pathway of the type 1 3Σ+u→2hν 3Δu→ j 3Πg→(k 3Πu, l 3Σ +u)→1 3Σ+g→1 3Σ +u .
Laser excitation and ionization processes in dense (1--10 Torr) sodium vapor have been studied for laser wavelengths near the two-photon allowed nd /sup 2/D(n = 3, 4, 5) and ns /sup 2/S(n = 4, 5, 6) states. In particular, the 1 /sup 3//Sigma//sup +//sub g//yields/1 /sup 3//Sigma//sup +//sub u/ excimer emission in Na/sub 2/, predicted in 1980 by Konowalow and Julienne and observed recently by Dinev et al, was studied here in greater detail. Strong excimer emission (/similar to/30 nm) was observed for two-photon pumping to both sides of the unresolved 4D states, and weak excimer emission was seen when pumping near the 5D levels. The excimer emission exhibits a complicated pump laser profile with a pronounced ''dip'' at the 4d /sup 2/D two-photon resonance. Similarly, (2+1) photon ionization via the 3d /sup 2/D and 4d /sup 2/D states shows a dramatic decrease as the sodium density increases. These results can be attributed either to depleted 3d /sup 2/D or 4d /sup 2/D population due to stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) or to the interference effects recently reported by Malcuit et al. and Krasnikov et al. and treated theoretically by Manykin and Afanas'ev and by Agarwal. It is argued thatmore » both mechanisms are operative.« less