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Physical Review A

Photon statistics of a quantum emitter close to a lattice of plasmonic nanoparticles

F. Carreño, Vassilios Yannopapas, M. A. Antón, Emmanuel Paspalakis

Published Aug 5, 2019• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study theoretically the statistics of photons generated by a quantum emitter located in the vicinity of a periodic plasmonic nanostructure. The presented formalism is based on a macroscopic QED formalism in conjunction with a density-matrix approach in order to obtain the second-order correlation function of the emitted photons accounting for the influence of the plasmonic environment. The metallic reservoir coupling is computed using Green's-function theory, which, for a periodic lattice of scatterers, is calculated by a multiple-scattering method. We show that the photon statistics and the antibunching of emitted photons depend very strongly on the orientation of the quantum emitter relative to the lattice, on the transition frequency of the emitter, on the intensity of the applied field, and on the geometrical parameters of the nanoparticles, such as the shell thickness.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.100.023802

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Single-photon sources are subjected to a fundamental limitation in the speed of operation dictated by the spontaneous emission rate of quantum emitters (QEs). The current paradigm of the rate acceleration suggests coupling of a QE to a metal nanostructure, in particular, a metal nanoparticle (MNP). Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to this approach, a MNP itself being excited via a strong coupling with a QE can emit light with quantum properties. We determine both the first- and second-order correlation functions of light spontaneously emitted by a MNP in such a compound and show that this light should exhibit sub-Poissonian photon statistics and perfect photon antibunching. This discovery opens a prospect to single-photon sources with generation rates up to 100 THz.
We present a theoretical study of the resonance fluorescence of a four-level double-V\mathsf{V}V-type quantum emitter near a plasmonic nanostructure. The quantum system interacts with two orthogonal circularly polarized laser fields with the same frequency and intensity, but with different phases. For the plasmonic nanostructure we consider a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We show that the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure leads to strong modification of both the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the transition from antibunching to bunching for the fluorescent photons. In addition, we show that both the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the second-order correlation function are strongly phase-dependent so that the relative phase of laser fields can be used for the efficient control of the resonance fluorescence characteristics. The results are explained by using a dressed-state picture.
We study the resonant fluorescence emission spectrum and the intensity-intensity correlations of the emitted fluorescent field by a V-type quantum emitter (QE) which is located near a metal nanosphere. For the description of the studied phenomena, we use the density matrix equations methodology combined with electromagnetic calculations and obtain results for the profile of the resonant fluorescence spectrum and the second-order correlation functions associated with the fluorescent photons. The decay rates and the coupling term exhibit a strong dependence on the distance that separates the QE from the metal nanoparticle. This distance also influences the resonance fluorescence of the V-type QE. We find that, in the general case, the resonant fluorescence spectrum is composed of five Lorentzian-type peaks, for high interparticle distances, while, when the QE is located very close to the surface of the nanosphere, the central resonance becomes dominant, and a single-peaked spectral profile appears. The two-time correlation functions of the fluorescent photons evolve in an oscillatory manner around unity, for non-zero time delay, with a period that decreases with the increase of the field intensity. In the strong driving field regime, the antibunching to bunching crossing time does not depend on the interparticle distance, contrary to the results found in the weak driving field regime. We also find that, for a weak laser field and under specific conditions, the second-order correlation functions constantly remain in the antibunching region.
This review is devoted to the study of effects of quantum optics in nanostructures. The mechanisms by which the rates of radiative and nonradiative decay are modified are considered in the model of a two-level quantum emitter (QE) near a plasmonic nanoparticle (NP). The distributions of the intensity and polarization of the near field around an NP are analyzed, which substantially depend on the polarization of the external field and parameters of plasmon resonances of the NP. The effects of quantum optics in the system NP + QE plus external laser field are analyzed-modification of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a QE in the near field, bunching/antibunching phenomena, quantum statistics of photons in the spectrum, formation of squeezed states of light, and quantum entangled states in these systems.
Abstract We propose a scheme for controlling the absorption and RFS of a quantum dot (QD) with broken inversion symmetry interacting with a plasmonic nanostructure. The QD is described as a two-level atom-like system with a permanent dipole moment in the excited state. A linearly polarized laser field drives the optical transition of the QD and produces localized surface plasmons in the MNP. The influence of plasmonic effects between the nanoparticle and the dot is analyzed using the Green tensor method. We found terahertz (THz) emission in the resonance fluorescence spectrum when the laser frequency lies above the transition frequency. The position and strength of the THz peaks is controlled by means of the dot-nanoparticle separation. The quantum nature of the emitted THz photons is analyzed by evaluating the second-order fluorescence intensity correlation function. We found a periodic alternation of photon bunching and anti-bunching with a period that depends on the polarization of the driving field.