This paper proposes mass interaction principle (MIP) as: the particles will be subjected to the random frictionless quantum Brownian motion by the collision of space time particle (STP) prevalent in spacetime. The change in the amount of action of the particles during each collision is an integer multiple of the Planck constant h. The motion of particles under the action of STP is a quantum Markov process. Under this principle, we infer that the statistical inertial mass of a particle is a statistical property that characterizes the difficulty of particle diffusion in spacetime. Starting from this principle, this article has the following six aspects of work: First, we derive the mass-diffusion coefficient uncertainty and the quantized commutation, and derive the most basic coordinate-momentum uncertainty and time-energy uncertainty of quantum mechanics, and then clearly reveal the particle-wave duality, which are properties exhibited by particles collided by STP. Second, we created the three decompositions of particles velocity. The comprehensive property of three velocities deduced the equation of motion of the particle as Schrodinger equation, and made a novel interpretation of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and Feynman’s path integral expression. And reexamine the quantum measurement problem, so that the EPR paradox can be explained in a self-consistent manner. Third, we reinterpret the physical origin of quantum spins. Each spacetime random impact not only gives the particle of matter the action of a Planck constant , but also produces the quantum fluctuation properties of the material particles. Futhermore, the quantum spin properties of the material particles are also produced, which reveals the statistical quality of 1/2 spin particles and the coexistence relationship of their spins. The particle spin properties ultimately reflect the spacetime properties of STP and particles, which leads to an important result that any spin 1/2 elementary particles will be massive. Fourth, we derive the physical origin of the special relativity, and prove that the hypothesis of constant speed of light is actually the intrinsic property of spacetime. This naturally leads to the three basic inferences of the special theory of relativity, namely, “mass enhancement”, “time dilation” and “length contraction” effects. Fifth, we can perfectly explain the nature of photons based on the topological and dynamic properties of STP, thus naturally obtain the complete electromagnetic theory and all important properties of charge. Sixth, we naturally derive the gravitation from the interaction of the fundamental particles of microscopic matter, namely the massive fermion and STP. Furthermore, we can judge from the overall perspective of modern physics that the inertia mass of fermions must be equal to the gravitational mass. We have obtained the equivalent principle combined with Newton’s universal gravitation, from which we can derive all the important contents of general relativity. Both inertial mass and gravitational mass are no longer the basic physical quantities. The two are indeed equivalent, which come from the statistical mass of STP collisions. This paper shows that STP can interact with matter particles in space time. The particles of matter are affected by the impact of STP and change their motional state. The mass of a particle is a statistical property exhibited by STP collision. Under the MIP framework of interaction between STP and matter particles, the relativistic quantum electromagnetic and spin properties of particles are all self-consistent. The relativistic behavior and quantum behavior of matter particles with statistical mass are all derived from the collision of STP on matter particles. We have systematically solved all the basic problems of modern physics with MIP, which is the common origin of special theory of relativity, general theory of relativity, electromagnetic theory and quantum mechanics.
This paper proposes mass interaction principle (MIP) as: the particles will be subjected to the random frictionless quantum Brownian motion by the collision of space time particle (STP) prevalent in spacetime. The change in the amount of action of the particles during each collision is an integer multiple of the Planck constant h. The motion of particles under the action of STP is a quantum Markov process. Under this principle, we infer that the statistical inertial mass of a particle is a statistical property that characterizes the difficulty of particle diffusion in spacetime. Starting from this principle, this article has the following six aspects of work: First, we derive the mass-diffusion coefficient uncertainty and the quantized commutation, and derive the most basic coordinate-momentum uncertainty and time-energy uncertainty of quantum mechanics, and then clearly reveal the particle-wave duality, which are properties exhibited by particles collided by STP. Second, we created the three decompositions of particles velocity. The comprehensive property of three velocities deduced the equation of motion of the particle as Schrodinger equation, and made a novel interpretation of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and Feynman’s path integral expression. And reexamine the quantum measurement problem, so that the EPR paradox can be explained in a self-consistent manner. Third, we reinterpret the physical origin of quantum spins. Each spacetime random impact not only gives the particle of matter the action of a Planck constant , but also produces the quantum fluctuation properties of the material particles. Futhermore, the quantum spin properties of the material particles are also produced, which reveals the statistical quality of 1/2 spin particles and the coexistence relationship of their spins. The particle spin properties ultimately reflect the spacetime properties of STP and particles, which leads to an important result that any spin 1/2 elementary particles will be massive. Fourth, we derive the physical origin of the special relativity, and prove that the hypothesis of constant speed of light is actually the intrinsic property of spacetime. This naturally leads to the three basic inferences of the special theory of relativity, namely, “mass enhancement”, “time dilation” and “length contraction” effects. Fifth, we can perfectly explain the nature of photons based on the topological and dynamic properties of STP, thus naturally obtain the complete electromagnetic theory and all important properties of charge. Sixth, we naturally derive the gravitation from the interaction of the fundamental particles of microscopic matter, namely the massive fermion and STP. Furthermore, we can judge from the overall perspective of modern physics that the inertia mass of fermions must be equal to the gravitational mass. We have obtained the equivalent principle combined with Newton’s universal gravitation, from which we can derive all the important contents of general relativity. Both inertial mass and gravitational mass are no longer the basic physical quantities. The two are indeed equivalent, which come from the statistical mass of STP collisions. This paper shows that STP can interact with matter particles in space time. The particles of matter are affected by the impact of STP and change their motional state. The mass of a particle is a statistical property exhibited by STP collision. Under the MIP framework of interaction between STP and matter particles, the relativistic quantum electromagnetic and spin properties of particles are all self-consistent. The relativistic behavior and quantum behavior of matter particles with statistical mass are all derived from the collision of STP on matter particles. We have systematically solved all the basic problems of modern physics with MIP, which is the common origin of special theory of relativity, general theory of relativity, electromagnetic theory and quantum mechanics.
The author believes there are spacetime particles(STP) which can sense all matter particles ubiquitously. Matter particles will change their states collided by STP . The underlying property of mass is a statistical property emerging from random impact in spacetime. We propose a mass interaction principle (MIP) which states any particle with mass m will involve a random motion without friction, due to random impacts from spacetime. Each impact changes the amount nh (n is any integer) for an action of the particle. Starting from the concept of statistical mass, we propose the fundamental MIP. We conclude that inertial mass has to be a statistical property, which measures the diffusion ability of all matter particles in spacetime. We prove all the essential results of special relativity come from MIP. Speed of light in the vacuum need no longer any special treatment. Instead, speed of STP has more fundamentally physical meaning, which represents the upper limit of information propagational speed in physics. Moreover, we derive the uncertainty relation asserting a fundamental limit to the precision regarding mass and diffusion coefficient. Within this context, wave-particle duality is a novel property emerging from random impact by STP. Further more, an interpretation of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is suggested, with a stochastic origin of Feynman’s path integral formalism. It is shown that we can construct a physical picture distinct from Copenhagen interpretation, and reinvestigate the nature of spacetime and reveal the origin of quantum behaviours from a realistic point of view.
This paper proposes mass interaction principle (MIP) as: the particles will be subjected to the random frictionless Brownian motion by the collision of space time particle(STP) ubiquitous in spacetime. The change in the amount of action of the particles during each collision is an integer multiple of the Planck constant h. The motion of particles under the action of STP is a Markov process. Under this principle, we infer that the statistical inertial mass of a particle is a statistical property that characterizes the difficulty of particle diffusion in spacetime. Within the framework of MIP, all the essences of quantum mechanics are derived, which proves that MIP is the origin of quantum mechanics. Due to the random collisions between STP and the matter particles, matter particles are able to behave exactly as required by the supervisor and shepherd for all microscopic behaviors of matter particles. More importantly, we solve a world class puzzle about the anomalous magnetic moment of muon in the latest experiment,and give a self-consistent explanation to the lifetime discrepancy of muon between standard model prediction and experiments at the same time. Last but not least, starting from MIP, we prove the principle of entropy increasing and clarify the physical root of entropy at absolute zero. Within the framework of MIP, we comprehensively discussed the Copenhagen interpretation. It leads to an important conclusion that Copenhagen interpretation is unnecessary for the quantum mechanical system. We found that Maxwell’s classical electromagnetic theory is applicable to the microscopic world not as previously thought. The key is that Brownian motion and classical electromagnetic theory must be combined together to completely solve the problem of electrons outside the nucleus not radiating electromagnetic waves.
Abstract We propose a space-time interaction principle (StIP) which states any particle with mass m will involve a random motion without friction, due to random impacts from space-time. Every impact changes the amount \hbar for an action of the particle. According to the principle, firstly, we prove the interaction coefficient must be \Re=\frac{\hbar}{2m_{ST}} deriving from Langevin's equation to the corresponding Fokker-Planck Hamiltonian, where m_{ST} is a space-time sensible mass of the particle. We can derive that an equation of motion for the particle will be the Schr\ddot{o} dinger equation, and prove that the space-time sensible mass m_{ST} reduce to the inertial mass in the non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Secondly, we show that there must exist the smallest mass \bar{m}_{ST} as the minimum of space-time sensible mass, provided the speed of light in vacuum as the maximum speed due to the postulation of special relativity. Furthermore, we estimate a magnitude of this \bar{m}_{ST} from microwave background radiation. Thirdly, an interpretation of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is suggested, with a stochastic origin of Feynman's path integral formalism. It is shown that we can construct a physical picture distinct from Copenhagen interpretation, and reinvestigate the nature of space-time and reveal the origin of quantum behaviours from the materialistic point of view.
Aiming at the quantum mechanics wave function description probability feature, statistical interpretation, randomicity, uncertainty, nonlocality and agnosticism etc fundamental principles and concepts, based on the mass-space interaction, mass-space space-time view, microscopic mass-energy systems correlating with space-time model etc principles and theories, and the quantum entanglement particle experiments etc facts, present the matter-ordering-energy conservation laws and the Dong Pei innovating group interpretation of quantum mechanics. Simultaneously indicate: In the universe there exists the ordering- and disordering-energy matter, together known as matter. Existing the absolute space and absolute time. The absolute space-time is continuous. Matter and the absolute space-time together create and compose the objective world. The objective world is a harmonious and unified whole. Physical laws are completely unified. The objective world and matter are all finite. Matter exists, evolves and moves in the absolute space-time. Interactions are the most essential and most root basic attribute of matter. The interaction among matter is the mass-space interaction. The mass-space interaction is continuous and stable, is not random and intermittent. Macroscopic and microscopic regions all observe the identical physical laws. Elementary particles and they compose the microscopic mass-energy systems are all the ordering-energy matter, their mass-energy space-time is a interdependent whole, their feature, state, structure and motion laws are all entirely determined by the mass-space interaction, correspond with the determinism and causality, the motion state and feature, motion orbitals, position and speed of particles in the absolute space-time are all absolutely determined and could be measured exactly, their quantum states could be approximately described by the wave function of quantum mechanics. The wave functions are the simplified mathematical function approximate expression of quantum system states of adopted interaction, can be used to calculate the correlative physical quantities. The wave functions could approximately describe the state of the mass-energy space-time whole of a microscopic mass-energy system with the mass-space interaction acting and continuously moving. An eigenstate just is the state making the system energy minimum and in rather stable existence. Scientific theories are the abstract simplified approximate expression for the essential of natural phenomena. Physical theory is the abstract simplified approximate representation for the matter structure and its motion laws. Whereas the mathematical formulation then is the further simplified approximate representation for physical contents. All of theories, include quantum mechanics and relativity, only when the assumed approximate condition is satisfied, just are the applied correct scientific theory, could describe the objective world good enough but not exactly. Develop scientific theory, correctly cognize and reasonably interpret the objective world, without the end.
Background: Recently, we obtained a unitary theory of quantum mechanics and general relativity, where a quantum particle is a continuous distribution of matter in the two conjugate spaces of the coordinates and momentum, quantized by the equality of the mass parameter describing the relativistic dynamics of the matter, with the mass as an integral of the matter density. However, in this framework, we have not explicitly revealed the connection between our new theory and the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. Methods: We analyzed in detail the three fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, explicitly describing experimental data: 1) Planck’s law of the blackbody electromagnetic radiation of a system of electrically charged harmonic oscillators, 2) Einstein’s law of the photon energy proportionality with the photon frequency, and 3) de Broglie’s law of the quantum particle as an oscillator in space. Results: We reobtained the two dynamical equations, in the conjugate spaces of the coordinates and momentum, as functions of the Lagrangian system, unlike the Schrödinger equation, depending on the Hamiltonian. Conclusion: According to the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, a quantum particle is a continuous distribution of matter with an intrinsic mass, unlike the conventional quantum mechanics for the state occupation probabilities of punctual entities moving with the light velocity and getting an apparent mass only by collisions with some bosons pervading the whole universe. According to these laws, we obtained a quantum theory in agreement with common sense, classical logic, and general relativity.
Non-relativistic quantum theory is derived from information codified into an appropriate statistical model. The basic assumption is that there is an irreducible uncertainty in the location of particles so that the configuration space is a statistical manifold. The dynamics then follows from a principle of inference, the method of Maximum Entropy. The concept of time is introduced as a convenient way to keep track of change. The resulting formalism is close to Nelson’s stochastic mechanics. The statistical manifold is a dynamical entity: its (information) geometry determines the evolution of the probability distribution which, in its turn, reacts back and determines the evolution of the geometry. As in General Relativity there is a kind of equivalence principle in that “fictitious ” forces – in this case diffusive “osmotic ” forces – turn out to be “real”. This equivalence of quantum and statistical fluctuations – or of quantum and classical probabilities – leads to a natural explanation of the equality of inertial and “osmotic ” masses and allows explaining quantum theory as a sophisticated example of entropic inference. Mass and the phase of the wave function are explained as features of purely statistical origin.