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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Spectral purity transfer between optical wavelengths at the 10−18 level

Daniele Nicolodi, Bérengère Argence, Wei Zhang, Rodolphe Le Targat, Giorgio Santarelli, Yann Le Coq

Published Aug 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an optical frequency comb-based scheme that transfers 4.5 × 10−16fractional frequency stability from a 1062 nm wavelength laser to a 1542 nm laser. We demonstrate that this scheme does not hinder the transfer down to 3 × 10−18at 1 s, one order of magnitude better than previous reported result. This exceeds, by more than one order of magnitude, the stability of any optical oscillator demonstrated to date, and satisfies the stability requirement for quantum projection noise-limited optical lattice clocks. We will finally describe our latest efforts to apply this technique for improving the performance the LNE-SYRTE Sr-based optical lattice clocks.

DOI
10.1109/cpem.2014.6898260

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We present an optical frequency comb-based scheme that transfers 4.5 × 10−16fractional frequency stability from a 1062 nm wavelength laser to a 1542 nm laser. We demonstrate that this scheme does not hinder the transfer down to 3 × 10−18at 1 s, one order of magnitude better than previous reported result. This exceeds, by more than one order of magnitude, the stability of any optical oscillator demonstrated to date, and satisfies the stability requirement for quantum projection noise-limited optical lattice clocks. We will finally describe our latest efforts to apply this technique for improving the performance the LNE-SYRTE Sr-based optical lattice clocks.
Atoms confined in the optical lattice can be interrogated with Doppler- and recoil-free operation. However, if not properly controlled, the optical lattice may limit clock accuracy. To improve the lattice-light-shift uncertainty, the cooling and trapping lasers' frequency stability is optimized, and the atom's signal stability is enhanced. A ring-cavity Ti:sapphire laser is locked to the optical frequency comb, which is referenced to a 578 nm ultra-stable laser, and the beat note's stability is on the order of 10−16. Using a 10 cm Fabry–Pérot cavity referenced to the Ti:sapphire laser, the optical frequency stability is transferred to the 399 nm cooling laser, creating favorable conditions for evaluating the lattice-light-shift accurately. We reevaluate lattice-light-shift in our 171Yb optical lattice clock with an uncertainty of 8.1 × 10−18, which is an order lower than our previous result, and the magic frequency is determined to be 394 798 266.6(1.3) MHz.
Many-particle optical lattice clocks have the potential for unprecedented measurement precision and stability due to their low quantum projection noise. However, this potential has so far never been realized because clock stability has been limited by frequency noise of optical local oscillators. By synchronously probing two 87Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}87Sr lattice systems using a laser with a thermal noise floor of $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$, we remove classically correlated laser noise from the intercomparison, but this does not demonstrate independent clock performance. With an improved optical oscillator that has a $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ thermal noise floor, we demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement over the best reported stability of any independent clock, achieving a fractional instability of $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ in 1000 s of averaging time for synchronous or asynchronous comparisons. This result is within a factor of 2 of the combined quantum projection noise limit for a 160 ms probe time with $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{3}$ atoms in each clock. We further demonstrate that even at this high precision, the overall systematic uncertainty of our clock is not limited by atomic interactions. For the second Sr clock, which has a cavity-enhanced lattice, the atomic-density-dependent frequency shift is evaluated to be $\ensuremath{-}3.11\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ with an uncertainty of $8.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$.
Abstract We present several developments aimed at improving the stability of optical lattice clocks. First, we present our developments of an optical lattice clock using neutral mercury. We mention recent advances made with the fermionic isotope 199Hg. We also mention our work aimed at using bosonic isotopes, which offer the possibility to circumvent the relatively short lifetime of the upper clock state in 199Hg. Second, we present our work on a non-destructive detection in a Sr optical lattice clock. We describe developments that brought the detection scheme from the classical non-destructive regime to the quantum non-destructive regime. Our detection scheme is practical and has the capability to the used beyond proving the principle. Finally, we present our work on laser stabilization using spectral hole burning in a Eu3+:Y2SiO5 crystal at cryogenic temperatures. We describe our development of low noise interrogation based on digital IQ modulation and detection that can probe multiple spectral features simultaneously, as well as several investigations towards fluctuating environmental factors. These advances, individually or combined for example with spectral purity transfer with combs and composite clock approaches, shall bring significant progress in clock stability and accuracy.