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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Proposal for measurement of the van der Waals interaction in a cold Rydberg ensemble via electromagnetically induced transparency

Zhongjian Zhang, Yandong Peng, Chen Li, Zhengmao Jia, Dehua Li, Qingtian Zeng

Published Jul 24, 2019• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a method of measuring the van der Waals interaction in an ensemble of cold Rydberg atoms via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By using the method of mean-field approximation, we examine the influence of the van der Waals interaction on the EIT spectrum. It is interesting to find that the van der Waals interaction strength is proportional to frequency shift of the transmission spectrum. This can be used to probe the van der Waals interaction strength. In addition, we discuss the evolution of the van der Waals interaction by adopting the model of the cubic lattice. It is found that the total atoms blockade appears in dense gases under the condition of the strong coupling. Also, we discuss the boundary condition of the total blockade and explain the evolution of the van der Waals interaction.

DOI
10.1364/josab.36.002216

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We propose a method of measuring the van der Waals interaction in an ensemble of cold Rydberg atoms via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By using the method of mean-field approximation, we examine the influence of the van der Waals interaction on the EIT spectrum. It is interesting to find that the van der Waals interaction strength is proportional to frequency shift of the transmission spectrum. This can be used to probe the van der Waals interaction strength. In addition, we discuss the evolution of the van der Waals interaction by adopting the model of the cubic lattice. It is found that the total atoms blockade appears in dense gases under the condition of the strong coupling. Also, we discuss the boundary condition of the total blockade and explain the evolution of the van der Waals interaction.
We develop an efficient Monte Carlo approach to describe the optical response of cold three-level atoms in the presence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and strong atomic interactions. In particular, we consider a Rydberg-EIT medium where one involved level is subject to large shifts due to strong van der Waals interactions with surrounding Rydberg atoms. Agreement with much more involved quantum calculations is excellent, demonstrating its applicability over a wide range of densities and interaction strengths. The calculations show that nonlinear absorption due to Rydberg-Rydberg atom interactions exhibits universal behavior.
We discuss electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold ensemble of atoms optically excited to the Rydberg states. Strong dipole-dipole or van der Waals interactions between the atomic Rydberg states translate into large nonlocal nonlinearities for a propagating probe field. In the case of weak quantum fields, this can be used to attain a conditional phase shift of π between pairs of single photons realizing a deterministic photonic phase gate. For stronger fields, long-range interactions between the atoms constrain the medium to behave as a collection of superatoms, each comprising a blockade volume that can accommodate at most one Rydberg excitation. The propagation of a probe field is affected by its two-photon correlations within the blockade distance, which are strongly damped due to low saturation threshold of the superatoms. Our calculations reproduce and interpret the results of recent experiments.
In the regime of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, we study the correlated behaviors between the transmission spectra of a pair of probe fields passing through respective parallel one-dimensional cold Rydberg ensembles. Due to the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between Rydberg atoms, each ensemble exhibits a local optical nonlinearity, where the output EIT spectra are sensitive to both the input probe intensity and the photonic statistics. More interestingly, a nonlocal optical nonlinearity emerges between two spatially separated ensembles, as the probe transmissivity and probe correlation at the exit of one Rydberg ensemble can be manipulated by the probe field at the input of the other Rydberg ensemble. Realizing correlated Rydberg EITs holds great potential for applications in quantum control, quantum network, quantum walk and so on.
Abstract In the regime of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, we study the correlated behaviors between the transmission spectra of a pair of probe fields passing through respective parallel one-dimensional cold Rydberg ensembles. Due to the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between Rydberg atoms, each ensemble exhibits a local optical nonlinearity, where the output EIT spectra are sensitive to both the input probe intensity and the photonic statistics. More interestingly, a nonlocal optical nonlinearity emerges between two spatially separated ensembles, as the probe transmissivity and probe correlation at the exit of one Rydberg ensemble can be manipulated by the probe field at the input of the other Rydberg ensemble. Realizing correlated Rydberg EITs holds great potential for applications in quantum control, quantum network, quantum walk and so on.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) are quantum coherence phenomena which result from the interference of excitation pathways. Combining these with Rydberg atoms have opened up many possibilities for various applications. We introduce a theoretical model to study Rydberg-EIT and Rydberg-EIA effects in cold Cs and Rb atomic ensembles in a four-level ladder type scheme taking into account van der Waals type interactions between the atoms. The proposed many-body method for analysis of such systems involves a self-consistent mean field approach and it produces results which display a very good agreement with recent experiments. Our calculations also successfully demonstrate experimentally observed EIT-EIA cross-over in the Rb case. Being able to simulate the interaction effects in such systems has significant importance, especially for controlling the optical response of these.
We study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect with two individually addressed four-level Rydberg atoms subjected to the interatomic van der Waals interaction. We derive an effectively atomic Raman transition model where two ladders of the usual Rydberg EIT setting terminating at the same upper Rydberg level of long radiative lifetime are turned into a Rydberg EIT $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ setup via two-photon transitions, leaving the middle levels of each ladder largely detuned from the coupling and probe laser beams. It can hence overcome the limits of applications for EIT with atoms of the ladder-type level configuration involving a strongly decaying intermediate state by inducing coherence between two ground states. By probing one of the atoms, we observe four doublets of absorption induced by the Autler-Townes splitting and the van der Waals interaction. In particular, we find that the location of the EIT center remains unchanged compared to the interatomic-interaction-free case, which demonstrates that the interference among the multiple transition channels is basically destructive. The EIT with controlled Rydberg-Rydberg interaction among a few atoms provides a versatile tool for engineering the propagation dynamics of light.