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arXiv:2411.07726

Correlated Rydberg Electromagnetically Induced Transparencys

Lei Huang, Pengfei Wang, Hanxiao Zhang, Zhu, Yu, Hong Yang, Dong Yan

Published Nov 12, 2024• 0 citations
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Abstract

In the regime of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, we study the correlated behaviors between the transmission spectra of a pair of probe fields passing through respective parallel one-dimensional cold Rydberg ensembles. Due to the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between Rydberg atoms, each ensemble exhibits a local optical nonlinearity, where the output EIT spectra are sensitive to both the input probe intensity and the photonic statistics. More interestingly, a nonlocal optical nonlinearity emerges between two spatially separated ensembles, as the probe transmissivity and probe correlation at the exit of one Rydberg ensemble can be manipulated by the probe field at the input of the other Rydberg ensemble. Realizing correlated Rydberg EITs holds great potential for applications in quantum control, quantum network, quantum walk and so on.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2411.07726

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In the regime of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, we study the correlated behaviors between the transmission spectra of a pair of probe fields passing through respective parallel one-dimensional cold Rydberg ensembles. Due to the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between Rydberg atoms, each ensemble exhibits a local optical nonlinearity, where the output EIT spectra are sensitive to both the input probe intensity and the photonic statistics. More interestingly, a nonlocal optical nonlinearity emerges between two spatially separated ensembles, as the probe transmissivity and probe correlation at the exit of one Rydberg ensemble can be manipulated by the probe field at the input of the other Rydberg ensemble. Realizing correlated Rydberg EITs holds great potential for applications in quantum control, quantum network, quantum walk and so on.
Abstract In the regime of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, we study the correlated behaviors between the transmission spectra of a pair of probe fields passing through respective parallel one-dimensional cold Rydberg ensembles. Due to the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between Rydberg atoms, each ensemble exhibits a local optical nonlinearity, where the output EIT spectra are sensitive to both the input probe intensity and the photonic statistics. More interestingly, a nonlocal optical nonlinearity emerges between two spatially separated ensembles, as the probe transmissivity and probe correlation at the exit of one Rydberg ensemble can be manipulated by the probe field at the input of the other Rydberg ensemble. Realizing correlated Rydberg EITs holds great potential for applications in quantum control, quantum network, quantum walk and so on.
We discuss electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold ensemble of atoms optically excited to the Rydberg states. Strong dipole-dipole or van der Waals interactions between the atomic Rydberg states translate into large nonlocal nonlinearities for a propagating probe field. In the case of weak quantum fields, this can be used to attain a conditional phase shift of π between pairs of single photons realizing a deterministic photonic phase gate. For stronger fields, long-range interactions between the atoms constrain the medium to behave as a collection of superatoms, each comprising a blockade volume that can accommodate at most one Rydberg excitation. The propagation of a probe field is affected by its two-photon correlations within the blockade distance, which are strongly damped due to low saturation threshold of the superatoms. Our calculations reproduce and interpret the results of recent experiments.
We study the transmission properties of a probe field passing through a sample of NNN-type cold atoms possessing a high Rydberg state. Due to the conditioned dipole blockade of Rydberg excitation, this atomic sample might exhibit a nonlinear optical response in terms of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as manifested by the sensitivity of the transmitted probe intensity and correlation to input probe intensity and correlation. It is of particular interest that the nonlinear EIT response can be opposite (either normal or abnormal) in two different regions of probe detuning, which is a striking feature of the four-level N system of interacting atoms. The realization of both normal and abnormal nonlinear EIT effects in one atomic sample is expected to have wider applications in manipulation of photonic statistics of weak light signals, e.g., to attain prominent photonic bunching and/or antibunching in a dynamic quantum delay or memory process.
Transmission properties of a weak probe field traveling through a sample of interacting cold 87Rb atoms driven into the three-level ladder configuration, which is a typical Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system, are investigated. Rydberg atoms are considered to be a perfect platform in the research fields of quantum optics and quantum information processing due to some exaggerated properties of Rydberg atoms with high principal quantum number, especially, the dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms leads to the so-called dipole blockade effect accommodating at most one Rydberg excitation within a mesoscopic volume. The dipole blockade effect may be mapped onto the spectrum of EIT, and the EIT exhibits the cooperative optical nonlinearity which is usually characterized by two indicators, i.e., the probe intensity and the photonic correlation. The cooperative optical nonlinearity is also found here in the phase of transmission spectrum, and the phase can be regarded as the third indicator of nonlinearity in Rydberg EIT. However, there are tremendous differences between the phase and probe transmission (photonic correlation) though they both originate from the conditional polarization. Specifically, the phase is not sensitive to neither the incident probe intensity nor the initial photonic correlation at the resonant probe frequency under the condition of the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting where two other indicators exhibit significant cooperative nonlinearity. The nonlinearity in phase spectrum occurs only in the regime between the resonant probe frequency and the AT splitting and especially is remarkable at the frequency where the probe field is classical. Finally, influence of the principal quantum number and the atomic density on the transmitted phase are examined. In the nonlinear regime, the absolute value of the phase becomes smaller and smaller as the principal quantum number and the atomic density are raised. This indicates that the nonlinearity is strengthened by increasing them. The probe phase provides an attractive supplement to study in depth the cooperative optical nonlinearity in Rydberg EIT and offers us the considerable flexibility to manipulate the propagation and evolution of a quantum light field.
We study the optical response of cold rubidium atoms driven into the four-level Y configuration exhibiting two high Rydberg levels in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Atoms excited to either Rydberg level interact with each other just via self-blockade potentials (I) or also via cross blockade potentials (II). Numerical results show a few interesting quantum phenomena on the transmitted properties of a weak probe field owing to controlled single and double Rydberg blockade. In case (I), it is viable to switch between single-photon outputs with vanishing (invariable) two-photon (three-photon) correlation and photon-pair outputs with vanishing (invariable) three-photon (two-photon) correlation. Such output switch can be easily done by modulating frequencies and intensities of two strong coupling fields to create a degenerate EIT window or two separated EIT windows. In case (II), we find that two-photon and three-photon correlations decrease together at a degenerate EIT window center while increasing together between two separated EIT windows. Such consistent changes are observed because both correlations are modified by the identical polarizability degradation though depending on single and double Rydberg blockade, respectively.
We propose a method of measuring the van der Waals interaction in an ensemble of cold Rydberg atoms via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By using the method of mean-field approximation, we examine the influence of the van der Waals interaction on the EIT spectrum. It is interesting to find that the van der Waals interaction strength is proportional to frequency shift of the transmission spectrum. This can be used to probe the van der Waals interaction strength. In addition, we discuss the evolution of the van der Waals interaction by adopting the model of the cubic lattice. It is found that the total atoms blockade appears in dense gases under the condition of the strong coupling. Also, we discuss the boundary condition of the total blockade and explain the evolution of the van der Waals interaction.