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arXiv:2109.12916 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption cross-over with a four-level Rydberg system

Yağız Oyun, Özgür Çakır, S. Sevinçli

Published May 17, 2022• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) are quantum coherence phenomena which result from the interference of excitation pathways. Combining these with Rydberg atoms have opened up many possibilities for various applications. We introduce a theoretical model to study Rydberg-EIT and Rydberg-EIA effects in cold Cs and Rb atomic ensembles in a four-level ladder type scheme taking into account van der Waals type interactions between the atoms. The proposed many-body method for analysis of such systems involves a self-consistent mean field approach and it produces results which display a very good agreement with recent experiments. Our calculations also successfully demonstrate experimentally observed EIT-EIA cross-over in the Rb case. Being able to simulate the interaction effects in such systems has significant importance, especially for controlling the optical response of these.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ac7096

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Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) are quantum coherence phenomena which result from the interference of excitation pathways. Combining these with Rydberg atoms have opened up many possibilities for various applications. We introduce a theoretical model to study Rydberg-EIT and Rydberg-EIA effects in cold Cs and Rb atomic ensembles in a four-level ladder type scheme taking into account van der Waals type interactions between the atoms. The proposed many-body method for analysis of such systems involves a self-consistent mean field approach and it produces results which display a very good agreement with recent experiments. Our calculations also successfully demonstrate experimentally observed EIT-EIA cross-over in the Rb case. Being able to simulate the interaction effects in such systems has significant importance, especially for controlling the optical response of these.
We study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect with two individually addressed four-level Rydberg atoms subjected to the interatomic van der Waals interaction. We derive an effectively atomic Raman transition model where two ladders of the usual Rydberg EIT setting terminating at the same upper Rydberg level of long radiative lifetime are turned into a Rydberg EIT $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ setup via two-photon transitions, leaving the middle levels of each ladder largely detuned from the coupling and probe laser beams. It can hence overcome the limits of applications for EIT with atoms of the ladder-type level configuration involving a strongly decaying intermediate state by inducing coherence between two ground states. By probing one of the atoms, we observe four doublets of absorption induced by the Autler-Townes splitting and the van der Waals interaction. In particular, we find that the location of the EIT center remains unchanged compared to the interatomic-interaction-free case, which demonstrates that the interference among the multiple transition channels is basically destructive. The EIT with controlled Rydberg-Rydberg interaction among a few atoms provides a versatile tool for engineering the propagation dynamics of light.
We develop an efficient Monte Carlo approach to describe the optical response of cold three-level atoms in the presence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and strong atomic interactions. In particular, we consider a Rydberg-EIT medium where one involved level is subject to large shifts due to strong van der Waals interactions with surrounding Rydberg atoms. Agreement with much more involved quantum calculations is excellent, demonstrating its applicability over a wide range of densities and interaction strengths. The calculations show that nonlinear absorption due to Rydberg-Rydberg atom interactions exhibits universal behavior.
Summary form only given. It is well-known that nonlinear interference effects in the resonant atom-light interaction can lead to interesting and important phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium, coherent population trapping, lasing without inversion, and others. Common to all these phenomena is the appearance of light-induced coherence between atomic levels, which are not coupled by dipole transitions. Recently Akulshin and co-workers (1998-9) have observed subnatural-width resonances in the absorption on the D/sub 2/ line of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. It is remarkable that, apart from expected EIT-resonances with negative sign, authors detected positive resonances termed as electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). More recently, similar effects in a (3+5)-state system have been described as a result of constructive interference of the dipole excitation channels. We propose a simple theoretical model for EIA - a four-state N-atom. Remember that three-state /spl Lambda/- and V-systems give the EIT-resonances only.
We study the steady optical response of a square lattice in which all trapped atoms are driven by a probe and a coupling fields into the ladder configuration of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). It turns out to be a many-body problem in the presence of van der Waals (vdW) interaction among atoms in the upmost Rydberg state, so Monte Carlo (MC) calculation based on density matrix equations have been done after introducing a sufficiently large cut-off radius. It is found that the absorption and dispersion of EIT spectra depends critically on a few key parameters like lattice dimension, unitary vdW shift, probe Rabi frequency, and coupling detuning. Through modulating these parameters, it is viable to change symmetries of the absorption and dispersion spectra and control on demand depth and position of the transparency window. Our MC calculation is expected to be instructive in understanding many-body quantum coherence effects and in manipulating non-equilibrium quantum phenomena by utilizing vdW interactions of Rydberg atoms.
Abstract A comparative theoretical study of two-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), absorption (EIA) and three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (TPEIT), absorption (TPEIA) and their associated dispersion and group index profiles are presented by using a four-level ladder-type system of both stationary and moving 85 Rb Rydberg atoms. We have observed EIT, EIA and their respective positive and negative dispersive slopes under two-photon conditions, while the TPEIT, TPEIA signals and the respective multiple positive and negative dispersive slopes at around zero detuning of the probe field are observed under the three-photon conditions. It is found that the control and manipulation of the coherent optical responses under three-photon conditions are much richer than the two-photon conditions. The group index profiles related to the dispersion of the medium have been studied under both two- and three-photon conditions to compare and explain the optical switching between the subluminal and superluminal modes of propagation for both stationary and moving atomic medium. The influence of the ‘pump’ Rabi frequency on the group index has also been investigated to illustrate the action of optical switching. Finally, the existence of the four-wave mixing (FWM) process due to the action of three optical fields in the EIT medium is also discussed.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.