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Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Математика, информатика, физика

Coherent Perfect Absorption Mediated Enhancement and Optical Bistability in Phase Conjugation

Reddy Kothakapu Nireekshan, Venu Achanta Gopal, Subhasish Dutta Gupta

Published Jan 1, 2017• 1 citation

Abstract

Coherent perfect absorption has been one of the important research directions in optics in recent years because of its ability to absorb all the incident light. It has been extended to nonlinear regime to show multistability and gap solitons in nonlinear periodic structures. We study yet another nonlinear effect, namely, phase conjugation in a Kerr nonlinear composite slab when the counter propagating pump waves are completely absorbed by means of coherent perfect absorption. The theory is developed under the undepleted pump approximation, when the pump waves can be decoupled from the signal and the phase conjugated waves. Dynamical phase matching is also incorporated. The coupling constant and the phase conjugated reflectivity are shown to undergo a substantial increase. They also exhibit multivalued response. Both downward and upward switching are shown to be possible. The effect can be used for efficient switching of the phase conjugated reflectivity in photonic circuits and can find several application in photonic logic gates.

DOI: 10.22363/2312-9735-2017-25-2-182-191

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Coherent perfect absorption has been one of the important research directions in optics in recent years because of its ability to absorb all the incident light. It has been extended to nonlinear regime to show multistability and gap solitons in nonlinear periodic structures. We study yet another nonlinear effect, namely, phase conjugation in a Kerr nonlinear composite slab when the counter propagating pump waves are completely absorbed by means of coherent perfect absorption. The theory is developed under the undepleted pump approximation, when the pump waves can be decoupled from the signal and the phase conjugated waves. Dynamical phase matching is also incorporated. The coupling constant and the phase conjugated reflectivity are shown to undergo a substantial increase. They also exhibit multivalued response. Both downward and upward switching are shown to be possible. The effect can be used for efficient switching of the phase conjugated reflectivity in photonic circuits and can find several application in photonic logic gates.

An externally driven nonlinear Fabry-Perot interferometer with bistable transmission characteristics is probed through a weak optical field. The nonlinear interaction among the counterpropagating pump beams and the probe beam generates the phase-conjugated beam through intracavity degenerate four-wave mixing. It is shown that the phase-conjugated reflectivity displays bistability and that hysteresis as the driving field is varied in a continuous manner. The analysis is carried out in the mean-field approximation and is valid for the case of low absorption and a high-Qcavity. Both the dispersive and the absorptive effects arising due to saturation of the one-photon resonance are included, and their effect on the phase-conjugated reflectivity is discussed. The results show that, when a bistable device switches on, the reflectivity decreases by a few orders of magnitude. We discuss possible applications and suggest materials where the proposed effects can be seen.

The exact theory of degenerate four-wave mixing in a Kerr-like medium in the Bragg scattering regime is used to study the reflectivity of phase-conjugate mirrors pumped by intense laser beams. The analysis takes into account pump depletion, nonlinear phase modulation and the relaxation time of the nonlinearity. The steady-state response exhibits multivalued reflectivity, hysteresis and potential bistability; however, the transient response shows that at most one value of the phase-conjugate reflectivity is stable. Periodic or chaotic pulsations are predicted beyond threshold values of pump intensity. The onset of a natural oscillation in the Kerr-like medium is also predicted in the absence of a continuous probe beam; the resulting field amplitude is stable and weakly sensitive upon the presence of external noise.

Mutually pumped phase conjugation, a process by which two incident laser beams can mutually pump each other to generate the phase-conjugate replica of the other beam, is studied in a transparent Kerr medium with an electrostrictive nonlinearity. The nonlinear medium acts as a phase-conjugating mirror to both of the incident beams and generates their Stokes-shifted phase-conjugated outputs by the nearly degenerate four-wave mixing process. Our results show that this process will occur only if the coupling strength, defined by the product of the Kerr amplitude gain coefficient, the total input intensity, and the interaction length, is above the threshold value of 2. If the intensity of one of the input beams exceeds the threshold value and the second input beam is weaker than the first, then the weak beam is phase conjugated with a large reflectivity that has a maximum value of the intensity ratio of the strong to the weak input beam. For negligible absorption in the medium, a complete transfer of energy of both the incident beams into the phase-conjugate beams can occur for finite interaction lengths that are only slightly larger than the threshold value. Seeding the oscillation beams tends to lower the phase-conjugate power reflectivities, probably because of increased contribution from the competing two-wave mixing process.

We propose and analyze a scheme for tunable coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and near-perfect reflection (near CPR) in a three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type atom-cavity system. With electromagnetically-induced-transparency-type interference induced by a coherent coupling laser, it provides a method of tunable near CPR at two-photon resonance. By virtue of different coupling strengths, CPA can be tuned from the linear regime to the nonlinear or bistable regime at a fixed input-field frequency. In addition, the CPA regime can be switched to the near-CPR regime with variable linear absorption or gain by an incoherent pump field. This work suggests a mechanism for manipulation on perfect absorption and reflection theoretically which can potentially be applied to logical gates and optical switches for coherent optical computing and communication.