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Everything is slow light (Conference Presentation)

Jacob B. Khurgin

Published Mar 5, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this talk I explain that enhancement of performance of almost any optical device such as sensor modulator, amplifier or any nonlinear device in the end intimately connected to increasing the time of light-matter interaction, i.e. reducing the group velocity of light. Such similarly different phenomena as ENZ (epsilon near zero), plasmonics, micro-cavities and photonic crystals can all be characterized using the same slow light formalism.

DOI
10.1117/12.2515395

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In this talk I explain that enhancement of performance of almost any optical device such as sensor modulator, amplifier or any nonlinear device in the end intimately connected to increasing the time of light-matter interaction, i.e. reducing the group velocity of light. Such similarly different phenomena as ENZ (epsilon near zero), plasmonics, micro-cavities and photonic crystals can all be characterized using the same slow light formalism.
In this talk I explain that enhancement of performance of almost any optical sensor in the end intimately connected to increasing the time of light-matter interaction, i.e. reducing the group velocity of light. Such similarly different phenomena as ENZ (epsilon near zero), plasmonics, micro-cavities, photonic crystals, EIT, (electro-magnetically induced transparency) Fano resonances, and PT (Parity-time) symmetry can all be characterized using the same slow light formalism indicating that their performances are in the end comparable.
We present a brief overview of recent advances in the field of “slow light,” the field that studies means for controllably reducing the group velocity of light to values much smaller than its vacuum velocity,ccc. Some of the results summarized here include electrooptic modulation of single photons, all-optical switching within an atomic-vapor-filled hollow fiber, large induced phase shifts for microwave photonics, slow-light-enhanced nonlinear optical interactions, and highly controllable time delays in semiconductor optical amplifiers, parametric delay-dispersion tuners, and arrays of active microresonators
There are two standard methods for controlling the group velocity of light. One makes use of the dispersive properties associated with the resonance structure of a material medium. The other makes use of structural resonances, such as those that occur in photonic crystals. Both procedures have proved useful in a variety of situations. In this work we contrast these two approaches, especially in terms of issues such as the kinematics of energy flow though the system and the resulting implications for the behavior of nonlinear optical processes in these situations. Stated differently, this paper addresses the question of when nonlinear optical processes are enhanced through use of slow-light interactions and when they are not.
The control of the group velocity of optical signals has been widely demonstrated using various optical phenomena and different media. Slow and fast light is achieved in a controllable manner by modifying the refractive index dispersion through light induced modifications of the material or the structural properties of the medium. The potential for a continuous tuning of the phase or time delay of broadband microwave signals modulating the optical carrier opens previously unexplored horizons. The talk will review the recent advancements and the future directions of slow and fast light research with an emphasis on microwave-photonics applications.
Transparency (EIT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 15.7 Coupled Photonic Resonator Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 15.8 Dispersion Limitation of Nonlinear Photonic SL Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 15.9 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Recent years have seen a great increase in interest in the regime of light propagation with reduced group velocity, commonly referred to as slow light (SL). Startingwith the pioneeringwork performed in the late 1990s [1] a great effort had been directed at both understanding the basic physics of SL phenomena and applying it to various practical tasks-optical communications, signal processing, photonic switching, and many others.
Summary form only given. Slow light has achieved great progress in waveguide and fibers in room temperature, which could be accelerating the transition of this technique to applications. This talk will review devising methods for tailoring the dispersion of optical materials, such as electromagnetically induced transparency, photonic crystals, and nano-optic resonators over the last decade. And the potential applications of slow light for optical buffering, data synchronization, optical memories, and optical signal processing will be cataloged. Then the interaction between slow light and Sagnac effect is discussed. The concept of the Sagnac effect in a slow-light medium and resonator structure with high group dispersion is investigated. It is found that a slow-light medium can be utilized for relative motion sensing, and a slow-light resonator structure is suitable to detect absolute rotation for navigation purposes. It is noted that the high group dispersion leads to a huge enhancement of the rotation sensor's sensitivity in a resonating structure, and an approach to evaluate and design resonator devices with slow-light property is proposed. Moreover, a folded loop-lattice-based structure is numerically simulated to verify the concept.