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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Mitigation of frequency noise due to mechanical vibration in a cryogenic trapped-ion quantum processor

Colin Bruzewicz, Jules Stuart, Garrett Simon, Robert Niffenegger, Robert McConnell, Jeremy Sage, John Chiaverini

Published Mar 5, 2019• 0 citations
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Abstract Cryogenic ion traps offer substantial advantages over their room-temperature counterparts, particularly in terms of stable ion confinement and cooling. However, this technological advancement has introduced a significant challenge, namely the generation of additional vibrational noise. This noise is pronounced during the compression and expansion phases of the Gifford–McMahon cycle refrigerator and stems from the mechanical operation of the cold head. The residual vibrational noise can modulate the Rabi oscillation frequency, thereby compromising the fidelity of the quantum logic gate. In this study, we quantitatively assess the impact of residual vibrational noise and introduce an innovative strategy for its mitigation. This strategy was designed to reduce superimposed potential fluctuations within a cryogenic surface electrode ion trap. The measured residual vibrational noise was used for real-time feedback control. Addressing the inverse determination of the compensating potential for a stable superimposed trapping potential is an inherently ill-posed problem considering known measurement noise results. By applying quadratic programming, we numerically calculated the optimal time series for the compensation potential. An ensemble of these compensation voltages was applied in real time to the static compensation electrodes. Although this method is in the theoretical stage, we believe that it can effectively suppress the translation induced by vibrational noise and foster the creation of a stable superimposed harmonic potential. The deployment of this technique is expected to substantially improve the accuracy of quantum operations, thereby fueling the evolution of quantum technologies.
Cryogenic trapped-ion systems (CTISs) have emerged as indispensable platforms for the advancement of quantum computation and precision measurement techniques. However, the sensitivity of these systems to vibrational noise, especially during the compression and expansion cycles of the cold head in a Gifford-McMahon cycle refrigerator (GMCR), poses a significant challenge. To mitigate this, we have crafted an innovative methodology for characterizing low-frequency residual vibrational noise in closed-cycle cryogenic trapped-ion systems. Our methodology is underpinned by a compact homodyne quadrature laser interferometer (HQLI) vibrometer system that boasts nanometer-scale accuracy. This state-of-the-art system leverages elliptic curve fitting to rectify nonlinear noise artifacts and applies an inverse tangent function to demodulation phase techniques, enabling accurate vibrational displacement measurements. Unlike the conventional approach, our scheme circumvents the introduction of extraneous vibrational noise associated with piezoelectric ceramic mirrors, which are conventionally employed to track target vibrations for locking the interference signal intensity in the reference arm. This innovation not only improves the overall CTIS performance but is also significantly applied to characterize the practical realization of quantum computation and precision measurement.
We describe the design, commissioning, and operation of an ultra-low-vibration closed-cycle cryogenic ion trap apparatus. One hundred lines for low-frequency signals and eight microwave/radio frequency coaxial feed-lines offer the possibility of implementing a small-scale ion-trap quantum processor or simulator. With all supply cables attached, more than 1.3 W of cooling power at 5 K is still available for absorbing energy from electrical pulses introduced to control ions. The trap itself is isolated from vibrations induced by the cold head using a helium exchange gas interface. The performance of the vibration isolation system has been characterized using a Michelson interferometer, finding residual vibration amplitudes on the order of 10 nm rms. Trapping of 9Be+ ions has been demonstrated using a combination of laser ablation and photoionization.